APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 28/04/2026

Model answer

Model Answer

Introduction

Strategic maritime chokepoints such as the Strait of Hormuz play a crucial role in global trade, especially in energy transportation. Rising geopolitical tensions, particularly between Iran and the United States, highlight how disruptions in such regions can trigger global economic instability.

Significance of the Strait of Hormuz

• Connects:
  • Persian Gulf → Gulf of Oman → Arabian Sea
• Accounts for:
  • ~20% of global oil trade
• Key suppliers:
  • Gulf countries (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Iraq)

👉 Thus, it is a critical energy chokepoint.

Impact of Geopolitical Tensions

A. Disruption of Oil Supply

• Threat to shipping routes
• Increased insurance and transport costs

B. Rise in Global Oil Prices

• Supply uncertainty → price volatility
• Direct impact on importing nations

C. Inflationary Pressures

• Higher fuel prices → increased cost of goods
• Cost-push inflation

D. Global Economic Slowdown

• Increased production costs
• Reduced consumption

Implications for India

A. Energy Dependence

• India imports ~85% of crude oil
• Highly vulnerable to external shocks

B. Macroeconomic Impact

• Increased:
  • Fiscal deficit
  • Current account deficit

C. Strategic Vulnerability

• Overdependence on West Asian oil routes

D. Impact on Growth

• Rising input costs affect industries
• Reduced economic stability

Challenges

• Limited domestic energy resources
• Geopolitical unpredictability
• Lack of diversified energy sources

Way Forward

1. Diversification of Energy Sources

• Import from multiple regions

2. Strategic Petroleum Reserves

• Buffer against supply shocks

3. Renewable Energy Push

• Reduce fossil fuel dependence

4. Diplomatic Engagement

• Balanced relations with West Asia

5. Energy Efficiency

• Reduce consumption intensity

Conclusion

The Strait of Hormuz exemplifies how geopolitics and economics are deeply interconnected. For India, ensuring energy security through diversification, strategic planning, and sustainable alternatives is essential to mitigate risks arising from such global tensions.