APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 25/06/2026

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, practicing Daily Answer Writing is vital. This blog covers the most important Main question and its model Answer from the Assam Tribune today (25-06-2026).

📘 GS Mains Model Question (APSC CCE)

Q. “The National Emergency (1975–77) exposed vulnerabilities in India’s constitutional framework but also led to significant democratic and constitutional reforms.” Critically examine. (15 Marks, 250 Words)

Model Answer

Introduction (2–3 lines)

The National Emergency (1975–77), proclaimed under Article 352 on the ground of Internal Disturbance, was one of the most controversial phases in independent India’s history. While it revealed the susceptibility of democratic institutions to executive overreach, it also prompted reforms that strengthened constitutional safeguards.

Body

I. Constitutional and Democratic Vulnerabilities Exposed

1. Executive Overreach

Concentration of power in the executive.
Reduced parliamentary scrutiny.
Weakening of federal principles.

2. Curtailment of Fundamental Rights

Suspension of civil liberties under Articles 358 and 359.
Preventive detention under MISA.
Restrictions on freedom of speech and assembly.

3. Weak Institutional Checks

Press censorship reduced transparency.
ADM Jabalpur (1976) weakened judicial protection of personal liberty.
Limited accountability mechanisms.

4. Impact on Democratic Culture

Suppression of political opposition.
Restrictions on civil society and public dissent.
Erosion of citizens’ trust in institutions.

II. Constitutional and Democratic Reforms After the Emergency

1. 44th Constitutional Amendment (1978)

Replaced “Internal Disturbance” with “Armed Rebellion” in Article 352.
Made written Cabinet advice mandatory.
Required parliamentary approval by a special majority.
Protected Articles 20 and 21 even during an Emergency.

2. Strengthening Judicial Review

Minerva Mills (1980) reaffirmed the Basic Structure Doctrine.
Reinforced constitutional limitations on Parliament’s amending power.

3. Greater Institutional Accountability

Shah Commission examined excesses committed during the Emergency.
Renewed emphasis on judicial independence and media freedom.

4. Strengthened Democratic Consciousness

The 1977 General Election demonstrated peaceful democratic accountability.
Increased public awareness of constitutional rights and civil liberties.

Conclusion (2–3 lines)

The Emergency remains a defining constitutional lesson for India. It demonstrated that constitutional safeguards alone are insufficient without institutional integrity and constitutional morality. The post-Emergency reforms, particularly the 44th Constitutional Amendment and judicial reaffirmation of the Basic Structure Doctrine, have significantly strengthened India’s democratic resilience.

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