APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 10/10/2026

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, practicing Daily Answer Writing is vital. This blog covers the most important Main question and its model Answer from the Assam Tribune today (10-10-2026).

Q. “The archaic architecture of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) not only suffers from a ‘crisis of legitimacy’ but also severely hampers effective global governance.” In the light of India’s demand for ‘reformed multilateralism’, critically examine the systemic challenges in achieving comprehensive UN reforms. (15 Marks, 250 Words)

Recently at the UNGA plenary, India highlighted that the UN’s 1945-era architecture faces a “crisis of relevance” in today’s multipolar world, emphasizing the urgent need for reformed multilateralism to give the Global South its rightful voice.

1. The Dual Crisis: Legitimacy and Global Governance

Geopolitical Exclusion: Despite constituting a massive share of the global population and GDP, regions like Africa and Latin America entirely lack permanent representation in the UNSC.
Operational Paralysis: The blatant abuse of the P5 Veto has rendered the UNSC ineffective during modern geopolitical crises (e.g., systemic gridlocks in resolving the Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Gaza conflicts).
Institutional Imbalance: The UN General Assembly (UNGA), despite being the most democratic organ with 193 members, is restricted to issuing non-binding recommendations, eroding its structural authority.

2. Systemic Challenges in Achieving Comprehensive Reforms

The Constitutional Roadblock (Article 108): Any amendment to the UN Charter requires ratification by two-thirds of member states, including all five permanent members. The P5 naturally resist any reform that dilutes their geopolitical monopoly.
Regional Rivalries (The ‘Coffee Club’): The Uniting for Consensus (UfC) group (led by Italy, Pakistan, and others) actively lobbies against the G4 nations (India, Brazil, Germany, Japan), blocking consensus on permanent seat expansion.
Stalled Intergovernmental Negotiations (IGN): Even after years of diplomatic discussions, the IGN process remains trapped in rhetorical debates without a standardized, text-based negotiation document to vote upon.
The Veto Dilemma: There is massive global disagreement on whether new permanent members should be granted the veto power, with some nations arguing that more vetoes will only deepen institutional paralysis.

3. India’s Strategic Approach and the Way Forward

Consolidating the Global South: India actively leverages groupings like the L.69 Group and its recent G20 Presidency to build an insurmountable diplomatic consensus for equitable representation.
Simultaneous UNGA Revitalisation: Alongside UNSC expansion, India advocates for upgrading the UNGA’s working methods and institutional accountability to make it the central deliberative body of global governance.
Transition to Text-Based Negotiations: The UN must immediately transition from open-ended IGN debates to a concrete, time-bound draft resolution process to force member states to record their official stances.

For the United Nations to remain the definitive bedrock of global governance rather than becoming a geopolitical relic, comprehensive structural reform is not just an Indian aspiration, but an immediate global necessity.

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