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APSC Mains GS Paper 1: 2023: Discuss how India would achieve self-reliance as well as national development in the context of the globalized world. (10 marks, 150 Words)
Model Answer
According to the Economic Survey 2025-26, India’s pursuit of self-reliance (Aatmanirbhar Bharat) is not an isolationist model but a strategic blueprint to become a resilient, indispensable node in global value chains, harmonizing domestic capacity building with active international engagement.
1. Economic Resilience and Manufacturing Competitiveness
- Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme: Creating global manufacturing champions in strategic sectors (electronics, pharmaceuticals, auto components) to reduce critical import dependence.
- Export-Led Growth: Targeted policy support has transformed India into a manufacturing hub, with cumulative exports surpassing USD 720 billion (Apr-Jan 2025-26).
- MSME Empowerment: Formalizing grassroots industries through digital commerce (e.g., ONDC), expanding their market access from local to global arenas.
2. Strategic Integration into Global Value Chains (GVCs)
- Capitalizing on the ‘China Plus One’ Strategy: India is aggressively positioning itself as a credible alternative for global supply chain diversification, leveraging its democratic stability, vast consumer market, and demographic dividend.
- Balanced Trade Partnerships: Negotiating mutually beneficial Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with the UAE, Australia, and EFTA ensures that “Vocal for Local” organically evolves into “Global for Local.”
3. Pioneering Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)
- Scalable Digital Governance: The success of the JAM Trinity and UPI (handling billions of monthly transactions) has made India a global benchmark for inclusive digital architecture.
- NITI Aayog’s DPI@2047 Roadmap: A two-phase strategy expanding digital infrastructure into agriculture, healthcare, and education to drive productivity-led, broad-based prosperity.
4. Technological Sovereignty and Sustainable Development
- India Semiconductor Mission 2.0: Securing national interests by establishing a robust domestic chip manufacturing ecosystem.
- Green Energy Transition: Spearheading the International Solar Alliance (ISA) and the National Green Hydrogen Mission ensures that national development aligns with global climate commitments (Net Zero by 2070).
5. Inclusive Regional Growth: The Assam and North-East Dimension
- Advanced Tech Hub in the East: The upcoming ₹27,000 crore Tata Semiconductor facility at Jagiroad (Morigaon) is a watershed moment, projected to create over 15,000 direct jobs by 2026 and integrate Assam into the high-tech global ecosystem.
- Leveraging the Act East Policy: Upgrading the Brahmaputra Valley’s logistics through PM Gati Shakti positions the Northeast as India’s vital economic and physical bridge to Southeast Asian markets.
By intertwining the ethos of Sabka Saath Sabka Vikas with competitive global integration, India’s model of self-reliance ensures sustainable, human-centric governance. This framework serves as the definitive bedrock for achieving the SDGs and realizing the ambitious vision of a Viksit Bharat 2047.
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