APSC Current Affairs: Assam Tribune Notes with MCQs and Answer Writing (19/11/2025)
For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, staying updated with current affairs is vital. This blog covers most important topics from the Assam Tribune today (19-11-2025). These issues are key for both APSC Prelims and Mains preparation, offering insights into the APSC CCE Syllabus.
✨ APSC CCE Prelims Crash Course, 2026
🌳 Topic 1 – Human–Elephant Conflict in Assam Reaches Crisis Proportions
(GS3: Environment • Disaster Management • Biodiversity | APSC: Assam Ecology & HEC)
TG@Assam_Tribune (19-11-2025)
🔹 Introduction
Assam is witnessing one of its worst years of human–elephant conflict (HEC), with 71 human deaths and 41 elephant deaths recorded so far in 2025.
Between 23 October and 16 November alone, 11 elephants died due to deliberate electrocution—a sign of escalating desperation among villagers facing crop loss and property damage.
Despite HEC being officially declared a “State Disaster”, institutional coordination and response remain inadequate, pushing relations between communities and elephants to a breaking point.
🔑 Key Points from The Assam Tribune (19 Nov 2025)
| Issue | Details |
| Fatalities | 71 humans & 41 elephants dead in 2025; 11 elephant deaths in just 24 days. |
| Cause of Elephant Deaths | Deliberate electrocution called “an epidemic.” |
| Experts’ Warning | Shrinking habitats, climate stress, silted forests, and food shortages pushing elephants into villages. |
| NGO Inputs (Aaranyak) | Letters sent to CM demanding urgent intervention; gaps in response highlighted. |
| Policy Proposal | Compensation for deaths & crop loss should be handled by ASDMA for faster disbursal. |
| Law Enforcement | Police must investigate every electrocution case to deter offenders. |
🧠 Prelims Pointers
✔ Elephant Population in Assam
~5,700 (Indian Elephant: Elephas maximus indicus)
IUCN Status: Endangered
Schedule I, Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
✔ Key Elephant Habitats
Kaziranga-Karbi Anglong Landscape
Manas TR
Sonitpur, Udalguri, Goalpara, Golaghat
Dehing Patkai–Dibru Saikhowa belt
✔ Why Conflict Peaks in October–December?
Paddy ripening season, elephants raid fields.
Forest food scarcity post-monsoon.
✔ Important Initiatives
Project Elephant (1992)
Gaj Yatra
Elephant Corridors (101 identified; ~20 in Assam)
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Drivers of Rising Conflict
1️⃣ Habitat Loss & Fragmentation
Conversion of forests to tea gardens, settlements, railways, highways.
Illegal quarrying & mining reduce elephant movement corridors.
2️⃣ Climate Change
Erratic rainfall disrupts vegetation cycles → elephants travel further for food.
Increased floods push herds into human landscapes.
3️⃣ Infrastructure Hazards
Railway lines → collision deaths in Digboi–Margherita, Hojai–Lumding sectors.
Low-hanging electricity lines cause electrocution.
4️⃣ Community Stress
Crop raids lead to loss of annual income.
Villagers illegally electrify their farms to repel elephants.
B. Why the Crisis is Severe (As reported)
Deliberate Electrification
Increasing cases of farmers connecting power lines directly to fences.
Slow Compensation
Delays create resentment → retalitory killings.
Lack of Multi-Department Coordination
Forest Dept alone cannot handle HEC; need PWD, Power, Disaster, Revenue, Police.
High Elephant Mortality
11 killings in 24 days show systematic electrocution.
Community Anger & Fear
Villagers demand stronger crop protection.
C. Impact on Assam’s Ecology & Society
✔ Ecological Impact
Loss of keystone species → cascading effects on forest ecosystems.
Genetic bottleneck from declining elephant numbers.
✔ Socio-Economic Impact
Crop losses worth lakhs per village.
Increased night vigil → human injuries and deaths.
Psychological stress among rural communities.
✔ Governance Impact
Public anger against perceived inaction of Forest Dept.
Legal issues in prosecuting electrocution cases.
D. Government Initiatives & Gaps
What Exists
₹4 lakh ex-gratia for human deaths.
Crop compensation schemes.
Anti-depredation squads.
Early warning systems in parts of Eastern Assam.
Gaps Highlighted in Assam Tribune
Slow release of compensation.
Weak coordination between departments.
Inadequate policing of electrocution cases.
Habitat restoration too slow.
🛠️ Way Forward
1️⃣ Declare Rapid Response Zones (RRZ)
Deploy trained teams with drones, thermal cameras, and siren systems.
2️⃣ Speedy Compensation via ASDMA
As suggested by experts:
Compensation within 2–14 days.
Forest Dept free to focus on conservation.
3️⃣ Safe Electricity Infrastructure
Insulate low-hanging lines in conflict zones.
Install smart fencing (solar-trip alarms, not electric).
4️⃣ Restore & Secure Elephant Corridors
Complete land acquisition for critical corridors like:
Kaziranga–Karbi Anglong
Pakke–Nameri
Manas–Buxa
5️⃣ Community-Based Solutions
Village-level “Elephant Task Forces.”
Promote elephant-friendly crops (lemongrass, chilly).
Crop insurance for HEC hotspots.
6️⃣ Strong Legal Enforcement
Register police cases for all electrocutions.
Use drone surveillance for night-time monitoring.
🧩 Conclusion
Assam’s escalating human–elephant conflict is no longer an isolated environmental issue—it has become a humanitarian, ecological, and governance crisis.
The 2025 statistics reveal a fragile balance between people and nature, demanding urgent, coordinated, science-backed action.
A future of coexistence is possible only through habitat restoration, rapid compensation, community participation, and strict enforcement—ensuring that both humans and elephants can survive and thrive in Assam’s shared landscapes.
🗳️ Election Commission’s Special Revision of Assam’s Electoral Rolls
(GS Paper 2: Polity & Governance | APSC GS V: Assam Administration & Electoral Processes)
🔹 Introduction
On 19 November 2025, the Election Commission of India (ECI) launched a special revision of Assam’s electoral rolls, ahead of the 2026 Assembly elections.
The revision aims to update voter lists through house-to-house verification, correction of errors, and deletion of ineligible entries.
Given Assam’s long history of electoral sensitivity—driven by migration issues, NRC debates, and demographic concerns—this special revision is a significant political and administrative exercise.
🔑 Key Points from Assam Tribune (19 Nov 2025)
TG@Assam_Tribune (19-11-2025)
| Element | Details |
| Verification Period | 19 Nov–19 Dec 2025 |
| Focus | Identifying bogus voters, checking shifts in residence, EPIC correction |
| Instructions to Booth-Level Officers (BLOs) | Conduct door-to-door verification, especially in sensitive districts |
| Concern Areas | Border districts like Dhubri, Karimganj; infiltration-prone zones |
| Objective | Ensure a “clean and error-free” voter list before 2026 polls |
| Special Cases | Verification of deceased voters and duplicate entries |
🧠 Prelims Pointers
✔ Election Commission of India (ECI)
Constitutional body (Article 324)
Supervises elections to Parliament, State Legislatures, President, VP
Comprises CEC + ECs (multi-member since 1993)
✔ Electoral Roll Provisions
Article 325: No exclusion based on religion, race, caste, or sex
Article 326: Elections based on adult suffrage
RPA, 1950: Preparation & revision of electoral rolls
RPA, 1951: Conduct of elections
✔ Who prepares the electoral roll?
State Election Department + ECI
Actual field verification by BLOs (local govt/education staff)
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Why Special Revision Is Necessary in Assam
1️⃣ Migration & Demographic Fluidity
Assam faces continuous population movement from:
Intra-state migration (rural → urban)
India–Bangladesh border movement
Regular revision is necessary to avoid inclusion of ineligible voters.
2️⃣ History of Electoral Disputes
1985 Assam Accord
D-voters (Doubtful voters) issue
NRC (2019) controversies
These require accurate verification to maintain trust.
3️⃣ High Out-Migration of Youth
Thousands move to other states for work; require deletion or transfer of entries.
4️⃣ Alleged Politicisation
Political parties often accuse each other of inflating or deleting voter bases.
Transparent verification reduces suspicion.
B. Challenges Highlighted in the Newspaper
| Challenge | Description |
| Bogus Voters | Fake or non-existent entries; duplicate EPICs |
| Deaths Unreported | Deceased voters remain on rolls due to poor civil registration |
| Address Shifts | Migrant workers change residence frequently |
| Border District Sensitivity | Risk of inclusion of foreign nationals |
| Weak BLO Manpower | Excess workload on teachers & local staff |
C. Governance Significance
✔ Strengthening Electoral Integrity
Clean rolls → credible election outcomes.
Reduces litigation and disputes.
✔ Improving Public Trust
Assam’s electoral history makes accuracy essential for social cohesion.
✔ Linking with Digital Systems
Aadhaar–EPIC authentication improves duplication detection.
Use of Booth App, GARUDA app by BLOs for real-time updates.
✔ Ensuring Inclusion
Special effort for:
Women voters
Transgender citizens
Brick kiln, tea garden & migrant labourers
Remote areas (Bodoland, hills, char areas)
D. Political & Social Implications
1️⃣ Stability Before 2026 Elections
Ensures level-playing field for all parties.
2️⃣ Preventing Polarisation
Transparent verification reduces communal/political tension around migration.
3️⃣ Impact on Border Policy
Accurate rolls help identify demographic changes in border districts.
4️⃣ Youth & New Voters
18–19-year-olds added in large numbers as per Form-6 applications.
🛠️ Way Forward
1. Modernise Electoral Roll Management
Use GIS mapping for households.
Integrate birth–death registration with electoral rolls.
2. Strengthen BLO Training
Provide smartphones, GPS-based verification tools.
3. Public Awareness Campaigns
Encourage citizens to report:
deceased family members
shifted voters
corrections
4. Technology-Based Integrity Checks
De-duplication using Aadhaar biometrics (with privacy safeguards).
Use blockchain pilots for voter list security.
5. Focus on Vulnerable Regions
Increased verification in Bangladesh-bordering districts:
Dhubri
Karimganj
South Salmara
Cachar
🧩 Conclusion
The special revision of Assam’s electoral rolls is a crucial administrative and democratic exercise, aimed at ensuring accuracy, transparency, and legitimacy in the upcoming 2026 Assembly elections.
For a state with a sensitive socio-political history around migration and citizenship, clean electoral rolls are essential for public trust, political stability, and the strengthening of democratic institutions.
🐘 APCB Orders Relocation of Waste & Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant Near Kaziranga: Environment, Governance & Conservation Ethics
(GS Paper 3: Environment • Conservation • Pollution | APSC GS-V: Kaziranga & Assam Ecology)
🔹 Introduction
On 19 November 2025, the Assam Pollution Control Board (APCB) ordered the relocation of a municipal waste processing and faecal sludge treatment plant situated near the Kaziranga National Park (KNP).
The site was found to be environmentally hazardous, located close to an elephant corridor and near the boundary of the UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Given Kaziranga’s global ecological significance—home to the world’s largest population of one-horned rhinos, tigers, elephants, and migratory birds—the APCB’s decision reflects a necessary step towards sustainable buffer zone management and preventing anthropogenic threats.
🔑 Key Points from The Assam Tribune (19 Nov 2025)
TG@Assam_Tribune (19-11-2025)
| Issue | Details |
| Order by | Assam Pollution Control Board (APCB) |
| What? | Immediate relocation of a waste & faecal sludge plant |
| Reason | Located too close to Kaziranga boundary; environmental risk |
| Key Concerns | Animal poisoning, waste seepage, pathogen risk, smell pollution |
| Violation | Set-up without adequate environmental clearance |
| Officials’ Observation | The plant could affect rhino, elephant and bird habitats |
| Directive | Local administration asked to find alternative non-eco-sensitive site |
🧠 Prelims Pointers
✔ Kaziranga National Park
UNESCO World Heritage Site (1985)
Home to 2/3rd of world’s one-horned rhino population
Key species: Tiger, Elephant, Buffalo, Swamp Deer
Located in Golaghat & Nagaon districts
Part of Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot
✔ Elephant Corridors in Assam
Kaziranga–Karbi Anglong
Kaziranga–Nagaon (Harmoti, Jakhalabandha)
KNP plays a vital role in Brahmaputra floodplain connectivity
✔ Environmental Clearance Requirements
EIA Notification 2006
Solid Waste Management Rules 2016
Faecal Sludge Septage Management (FSSM) guidelines under AMRUT 2.0
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Why the Waste Plant Was a Threat
1️⃣ Pollution Leakage Risk
Rainwater mixing with waste can contaminate grasslands and wetlands.
Harmful chemicals and microplastics pose risks to elephants, rhinos, deer.
2️⃣ Faecal Sludge Vulnerability
Pathogens (E. coli, salmonella) can enter soil/water channels.
Threat to migratory birds and aquatic species.
3️⃣ Human–Wildlife Interface Stress
Smell and waste attract scavenger animals → alters natural behaviour.
Risk of elephant raids or human–wildlife conflict.
4️⃣ Violation of Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ) Norms
UNESCO sites require strict buffer zone rules.
Such plants must be located away from protected areas.
B. Governance & Policy Dimensions
APCB Enforcement
Demonstrates state’s proactive pollution-control mechanism.
Strengthens rule of law around environmental clearances.
Municipal Governance Gap
Local bodies often set up facilities without scientific siting.
Poor compliance with Solid Waste Management Rules.
Need for Integrated Waste Management in Eco Zones
Wildlife landscapes require special regulation for waste infrastructure.
Role of Judiciary & Green Tribunals
Similar cases handled by NGT (e.g., Sariska, Gir, Corbett buffer zones).
C. Implications for Kaziranga’s Conservation
1️⃣ Protecting Rhinos & Elephants
Kaziranga is the world’s most important rhino habitat.
Waste pollution could:
Poison grazing patches
Increase disease transmission
Affect breeding success
2️⃣ Preserving Wetlands of Kaziranga
Wetlands (beels) are lifelines for migratory bird species.
Even minimal contamination can lead to mass bird deaths.
3️⃣ Visitor Perception & Tourism
Kaziranga draws >2 lakh tourists annually.
A waste plant at its boundary would damage UNESCO prestige and revenue.
D. Challenges in Buffer Zone Management
| Challenge | Explanation |
| Encroachment | Rapid rise of dhabas/resorts along NH-37 corridor |
| Development vs. Conservation | Projects in fringe villages often conflict with wildlife protection |
| Fragmented Jurisdiction | Forest Dept, Panchayats, District Admin often overlap |
| Tourism Pressure | High night traffic, noise pollution, and waste generation |
🛠️ Way Forward
1️⃣ Scientific Site Selection for Waste Plants
GIS-based assessment
10–15 km away from protected areas
Comply with ESZ and wildlife corridor criteria
2️⃣ Strengthen Buffer Zone Governance
Dedicated Kaziranga Buffer Zone Management Authority
Clear zoning of:
No-construction area
Eco-tourism zone
Community-use zone
3️⃣ Sustainable Waste Management Models
Decentralised waste units in villages
Biogas plants for organic waste
Mechanised faecal sludge treatment elsewhere
4️⃣ Community Participation
Engage fringe villages in conservation councils
Train local youth as “Kaziranga Eco Guardians”
5️⃣ Policy Integration
Merge APCB monitoring with Forest Dept & Kaziranga Authority
Use drones for surveillance of illegal developments
🧩 Conclusion
The APCB’s decision to relocate the waste & faecal sludge plant near Kaziranga marks a critical victory for environmental governance.
It reinforces the need for scientific planning, ESZ compliance, and strong enforcement to protect Assam’s most iconic wildlife landscape.
Kaziranga’s future depends on proactive intervention to balance developmental demands with ecological integrity—ensuring long-term sustainability of its rhinos, elephants, wetlands, and communities.
⚖️ Centre Grants Sanction Under BNSS §208 in the Zubeen Garg Case: Polity, Criminal Procedure & Federal Coordination
(GS Paper 2: Polity & Governance • Criminal Justice Reform | APSC: Law & Order in Assam)
🔹 Introduction
In a significant legal development, the Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) granted sanction under Section 208 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023) to prosecute Assamese singer and public figure Zubeen Garg in an official misconduct case filed earlier by Assam Police.
The sanction—which is mandatory before prosecuting public servants for actions committed while discharging official or quasi-official duties—has triggered intense public debate in Assam.
The case marks one of the first major uses of BNSS Section 208, replacing Section 197 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), and offers insight into India’s evolving criminal justice reforms.
🔑 Key Facts from The Assam Tribune (19 Nov 2025)
TG@Assam_Tribune (19-11-2025)
| Issue | Details |
| Sanction Granted By | Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Govt. of India |
| Legal Provision Used | BNSS §208 (replacing CrPC §197) |
| Case Background | Relates to alleged misconduct/obstruction involving Garg and public authorities |
| State Govt Role | Assam Home Department forwarded proposal seeking sanction |
| Why Sanction Needed? | Accused holds position under govt-related institutions/events |
| Current Impact | Enables filing of charge sheet & continuation of judicial proceedings |
🧠 Prelims Pointers
✔ What is BNSS?
Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023 replaced CrPC (1973).
Effective from 1 July 2024.
Modernises criminal procedure with tech-enabled investigation, digital evidence, time-bound processes.
✔ BNSS §208: Prosecution Sanction
Required for prosecuting:
Public servants
Persons acting under government direction
Purpose: Prevent frivolous lawsuits against officials.
Sanction can be given by Central Govt or State Govt, depending on service control.
✔ “Sanction to Prosecute”
A protective legal mechanism under Articles 246/309 and service rules.
Judicially upheld in Subramanian Swamy vs. Manmohan Singh (2012).
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Significance of the Sanction Under BNSS §208
1️⃣ Legal Compliance
The sanction enables the judiciary to proceed by ensuring that prosecution is not politically motivated. It is a procedural safeguard carried over from CrPC §197.
2️⃣ Criminal Justice Reform at Work
This marks early implementation of BNSS provisions in high-profile cases, testing the new law’s efficiency, clarity, and transparency.
3️⃣ Federal Coordination
Assam Police → Assam Home Dept → MHA
This chain reflects Centre–State cooperation in sensitive cases.
4️⃣ Public Accountability
High-profile individuals must follow due process, strengthening rule-of-law perceptions.
B. Why the Case Matters for Assam
High Public Interest
Zubeen Garg is a socio-cultural icon; the sanction has sparked intense emotional reactions.
Law & Order Sensitivity
Ensures that celebrity status does not hinder investigation.
Precedent-Setting
The first notable BNSS §208 sanction may shape future cases involving public functionaries in Assam.
Political Context
Public campaigns like “Justice for Zubeen” (mentioned on 18 Nov edition) indicate heightened civic mobilisation.
C. Broader Criminal Justice Reform Implications
✔ Enhanced Transparency
BNSS mandates time-bound sanction decisions to prevent delays previously common under CrPC.
✔ Digital Case Records
Case files, sanction requests, and evidence are digitised under BNSS—improving traceability.
✔ Strengthening Public Confidence
Clear processes reduce perceptions of arbitrary or politically coloured decisions.
D. Challenges Noted by Experts
| Challenge | Explanation |
| Public Sentiment vs Legal Process | Popular outrage may overshadow legal reasoning. |
| Need for Neutral Investigation | Ensuring fairness in a high-pressure media environment. |
| Interpretation of BNSS | Courts still developing jurisprudence for new provisions. |
| Risk of Politicisation | Any misstep can provoke allegations of selective prosecution. |
E. Way Forward
1️⃣ Transparent Communication by Authorities
Both Centre & State should issue clear legal explanations to prevent misinformation.
2️⃣ Fast-Track Decision Making Under BNSS
BNSS encourages time-bound trial → should be followed to avoid prolonged public anxiety.
3️⃣ Judicial Oversight
Courts must carefully test whether actions truly fall under “official duty.”
4️⃣ Public Education
Improve awareness about BNSS and prosecution-sanction mechanisms to reduce speculation.
5️⃣ Strengthen Protection Against Misuse
Ensure sanctions are not used to shield wrongdoing nor to harass individuals.
🧩 Conclusion
The MHA’s sanction under BNSS §208 in the Zubeen Garg case represents a critical intersection of criminal procedure reform, public accountability, and governance.
It reinforces the principle that due process applies equally to all, while showcasing the operationalisation of India’s new criminal laws.
For Assam, this case underscores the importance of balanced legal enforcement, transparent state–centre coordination, and maintaining public trust in the justice system.
🌍 UNSC Endorses Trump’s Gaza Stabilisation Plan: Global Diplomacy, Middle East Peace & India’s Strategic Stakes
(GS Paper 2: International Relations • UN System • West Asia | APSC: India’s Foreign Policy)
🔹 Introduction
In a major diplomatic development reported on 19 November 2025, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) officially endorsed former US President Donald Trump’s Gaza Stabilisation Plan, designed to end hostilities between Israel and Hamas and initiate a phased reconstruction and governance framework for Gaza.
This marks one of the rare occasions where major global powers—including the US, EU members, Russia, and key Arab states—found a minimum consensus on a Middle East peace mechanism.
The endorsement reflects the UNSC’s attempt to contain regional spill-over, protect civilians, and push for a structured political roadmap after months of conflict.
🔑 Key Points from The Assam Tribune (19 Nov 2025)
TG@Assam_Tribune (19-11-2025)
| Element | Details |
| UNSC Decision | Resolution passed endorsing Trump’s “Gaza Stabilisation Plan.” |
| Plan Focus | Ceasefire, humanitarian corridors, disarming militant groups, joint reconstruction authority. |
| US Role | Lead negotiator; plan backed by Arab League states. |
| Israeli Reaction | Conditional acceptance with security guarantees. |
| Palestinian Response | Mixed—PA supportive; Hamas sceptical but willing to consider humanitarian elements. |
| Global Relief Agencies | Welcomed the provision for guaranteed humanitarian access. |
🧠 Prelims Pointers
✔ UNSC
15 members (5 permanent: US, UK, France, Russia, China).
Requires 9 votes + no P5 veto for a resolution.
✔ Gaza
Ruled de facto by Hamas since 2007.
One of the world’s most densely populated territories.
Reliant on UNRWA & humanitarian agencies.
✔ Key Agreements in Arab–Israel Conflict
Camp David Accords (1978)
Oslo Accords (1993)
Abraham Accords (2020)
Earlier Trump “Peace to Prosperity” Plan (2020)
📝 Mains Pointers
A. What the Gaza Stabilisation Plan Proposes
1️⃣ Immediate Ceasefire & Monitoring
A UN-supervised cessation of hostilities.
Deployment of international observers with Arab participation.
2️⃣ Safe Humanitarian Corridors
Opening of crossings for food, medicine, and fuel.
UN agencies permitted unrestricted operations.
3️⃣ Demilitarisation of Gaza (Phased)
Gradual disarmament of Hamas’s heavy weapon systems.
Security oversight by a joint Israel–Arab–US monitoring cell.
4️⃣ Reconstruction Authority
A multi-donor body involving:
US
Gulf States
EU
World Bank
Emphasis on rebuilding hospitals, schools, and water infrastructure.
5️⃣ Political Roadmap
Reforms within the Palestinian Authority (PA).
Local elections in Gaza within 24–30 months.
B. Why the UNSC Endorsement Matters
Rare P5 Consensus
Indicates urgency to prevent escalation into Lebanon, Syria, and Red Sea corridor.
Legitimises International Oversight
Gives legal force to global monitoring mechanisms.
Humanitarian Breakthrough
Provides guaranteed UN access for civilians after months of blockade.
Regional Normalisation
Helps revive Arab–Israel alignment, key for Middle East stability.
C. Reactions of Key Stakeholders
✔ Israel
Accepts due to strong US backing.
Seeks guarantees on:
Hamas demilitarisation
Buffer zones
Anti-tunnel operations.
✔ Hamas
Rejects “foreign-imposed demilitarisation.”
Accepts humanitarian access components.
✔ Palestinian Authority
Supports plan as it enhances PA’s role in governance of Gaza.
✔ Arab States
Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan back the plan to prevent spill-over conflicts.
✔ Global Powers
EU supports for humanitarian reasons.
Russia and China express cautious support—seeking balanced language.
D. Implications for International Relations
1️⃣ Reduces Immediate Threat of Regional War
Prevents full-scale Lebanon conflict (Hezbollah), stabilises Egypt–Gaza border.
2️⃣ Revives Diplomacy in a Polarised World
UNSC demonstrating unity amid Ukraine, Taiwan, and Iran tensions is notable.
3️⃣ Humanitarian Relief Precedent
Sets template for ceasefires in conflict zones with complex insurgent actors.
E. Implications for India
✔ 1. Energy Security
Stability in West Asia crucial for India’s oil imports from Saudi Arabia, UAE, Iraq.
✔ 2. Diaspora Safety
Nearly 9 million Indians in the Gulf → even minor escalations threaten evacuation scenarios.
✔ 3. Strategic Partnerships
India balances relations with US, Israel, Iran, and Arab world.
A stable Gaza allows India to deepen I2U2 and West Asia Quad engagements.
✔ 4. Counterterrorism
India opposes terrorism of all forms → supports demilitarisation efforts.
✔ 5. Development Diplomacy
India may contribute to reconstruction via:
Digital infrastructure
Water desalination tech
Capacity-building
🛠️ Way Forward
1️⃣ Strengthen UN Monitoring Mechanisms
Ensure neutrality and transparency to maintain trust of all parties.
2️⃣ Inclusive Dialogue
Bring moderate Palestinian groups, civil society, and grassroots organisations into negotiations.
3️⃣ Address Root Causes
Settlement expansion
Movement restrictions
Status of Jerusalem
Without these, stabilisation may be temporary.
4️⃣ Ensure Humanitarian Commitments
Guarantee uninterrupted access for UN agencies and NGOs.
5️⃣ India’s Role
Offer humanitarian relief.
Provide peacekeeping experts.
Support digital reconstruction platforms.
🧩 Conclusion
The UNSC’s endorsement of Trump’s Gaza Stabilisation Plan marks a critical moment in Middle Eastern diplomacy, achieving a fragile but significant global consensus.
While the plan does not resolve the core political disputes between Israel and Palestine, it aims to stop the immediate humanitarian catastrophe, rebuild Gaza, and create political space for long-term negotiations.
For India and the world, stability in Gaza is vital for regional peace, global energy security, and humanitarian outcomes.tegrity and intellect.
APSC Prelims Practice Question
✅ TOPIC 1 — Human–Elephant Conflict in Assam
Q1. Which of the following BEST explains the recent spike in elephant deaths in Assam?
a) Poaching for ivory
b) Deliberate electrocution due to crop raids
c) Forest fires in Kaziranga
d) Illegal coal mining in Dehing–Patkai
✔ Correct Answer: b)
Explanation: The newspaper reported 11 deliberate electrocutions in 24 days, linked to farmers protecting fields; this is the main cause of recent deaths.
Q2. Consider the following pairs:
Elephant Landscape — Associated Region
- Kaziranga–Karbi Anglong : Central Assam
- Manas–Buxa : Eastern Assam
- Sonitpur–Udalguri : Northern Bank of Brahmaputra
Which of the pairs is/are correctly matched?
a) 1 and 3 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
✔ Correct Answer: a)
Explanation:
- Kaziranga–Karbi Anglong corridor → correct.
- Manas–Buxa → Western Assam–North Bengal; NOT Eastern.
- Sonitpur–Udalguri corridor lies north of Brahmaputra → correct.
Q3. Under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, the Indian Elephant is listed under:
a) Schedule II
b) Schedule III
c) Schedule I
d) Schedule IV
✔ Correct Answer: c)
Explanation: Elephants are protected under Schedule I, the highest protection category.
✅ TOPIC 2 — EC’s Special Revision of Assam’s Electoral Roll
Q4. Electoral rolls in India are prepared under which legal provision?
a) Representation of the People Act, 1951
b) Representation of the People Act, 1950
c) The Election Symbols Order, 1968
d) Article 324 of the Constitution
✔ Correct Answer: b)
Explanation:
- RPA 1950 covers electoral roll preparation & revision.
- RPA 1951 deals with conduct of elections.
Q5. With reference to the Election Commission’s Special Revision in Assam, consider the following statements:
- Booth Level Officers (BLOs) are appointed by the Election Commission of India.
- Special revision may include deletion of duplicate and deceased voters.
- Aadhaar linkage with voter ID is compulsory for roll revision.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
a) 2 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
✔ Correct Answer: a)
Explanation:
- Incorrect – BLOs are appointed by State Election machinery, not ECI.
- Correct – Removing duplicates & deceased voters is part of revision.
- Incorrect – Aadhaar–voter ID linkage is voluntary, not compulsory.
✅ TOPIC 3 — APCB Orders Relocation of Waste & Faecal Sludge Plant Near Kaziranga
Q6. The relocation order near Kaziranga was based on violation of:
a) EIA Notification, 1994
b) Faecal Sludge Act, 2011
c) Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016
d) Forest Rights Act, 2006
✔ Correct Answer: c)
Explanation:
Waste & faecal sludge plants must comply with SWM Rules 2016 and obtain environmental clearance; violation triggered APCB action.
Q7. Which of the following statements about Kaziranga National Park is/are correct?
- It is part of the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot.
- It includes the major floodplains of the Brahmaputra River.
- It is home to the world’s highest tiger density.
Select the correct answer:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
✔ Correct Answer: d)
Explanation:
All three are correct: Kaziranga lies in the Eastern Himalaya hotspot, includes Brahmaputra floodplains, and has the highest tiger density in India.
✅ TOPIC 4 — BNSS §208 Sanction in Zubeen Garg Case
Q8. Under BNSS §208 (replacing CrPC §197), sanction for prosecution is required for:
a) All public servants, regardless of the act’s nature
b) Public servants for acts done in the discharge of official duty
c) Ministers and MPs only
d) Only central government officials
✔ Correct Answer: b)
Explanation: Sanction applies only when the alleged act is linked to official duty. It applies to both central and state public servants, depending on service control.
Q9. Which of the following provisions in the Constitution provides the legal foundation for prosecution sanctions?
a) Article 21
b) Article 311
c) Articles 73 & 162
d) Articles 309 & 310
✔ Correct Answer: d)
Explanation:
Articles 309–310 relate to service conditions & protections; prosecution sanction flows from these constitutional safeguards.
✅ TOPIC 5 — UNSC Endorses Trump’s Gaza Stabilisation Plan
Q10. A UNSC resolution requires which of the following for adoption?
a) Two-thirds majority of UNGA
b) Unanimous P5 support
c) 9 votes in favour and no P5 veto
d) Majority vote of non-permanent members only
✔ Correct Answer: c)
Explanation: UNSC resolutions need 9/15 votes + no veto by any P5 member.
Q11. The Gaza Stabilisation Plan discussed in the UNSC mainly emphasises:
- Creation of humanitarian corridors
- International monitoring of ceasefire
- Demilitarisation of Gaza in phases
- Election of a new Israeli Prime Minister
Select the correct answer:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1, 2 and 3 only
c) 1, 3 and 4 only
d) 2, 3 and 4 only
✔ Correct Answer: b)
Explanation:
The plan includes humanitarian corridors, ceasefire monitoring, phased demilitarisation.
Israeli leadership change is not part of the plan.
Q12. Which of the following organisations primarily manages refugee services in Gaza?
a) UNDP
b) UNICEF
c) UNRWA
d) ICJ
✔ Correct Answer: c)
Explanation: UNRWA = United Nations Relief and Works Agency, responsible for Palestinian refugees.
🏁 Summary of Coverage
| Topic | Q.No. |
| Human–Elephant Conflict | Q1–3 |
| EC Roll Revision | Q4–5 |
| APCB Order (Kaziranga) | Q6–7 |
| BNSS §208 Case | Q8–9 |
| Gaza Plan IR | Q10–12 |
APSC Mains Practice Question
📝 GS Paper 3 (150 words)
“Human–Elephant Conflict (HEC) in Assam has reached crisis proportions. Examine the causes and suggest mitigation strategies.”
Introduction (25–30 words)
Assam has recorded over 70 human and 40 elephant deaths in 2025, with an alarming rise in deliberate electrocution incidents. The scale and intensity indicate a deepening ecological and governance crisis.
Body (100 words)
HEC in Assam is driven by rapid habitat loss, fragmentation of elephant corridors, and shrinking forest food sources. Climate anomalies—such as erratic rainfall and prolonged floods—push elephants into farmlands. Unplanned linear infrastructure, low-hanging power lines, and expanding settlements intensify encounters.
Socio-economic pressures—crop loss, inadequate compensation, and lack of rapid-response mechanisms—lead to hostile community behaviour, including illegal electrification of farms. Weak coordination between the Forest, Power, Revenue, and Disaster departments aggravates the situation. Increasing elephant mortality threatens Assam’s biodiversity and undermines conservation gains.
Conclusion (20–25 words)
Mitigating HEC requires habitat restoration, safe power infrastructure, fast compensation, community participation, and inter-departmental coordination to ensure sustainable coexistence between people and elephants.
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