APSC Current Affairs: Assam Tribune Notes (14/07/2025)

APSC Current Affairs: Assam Tribune Notes with MCQs and Answer Writing (14/07/2025)

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, staying updated with current affairs is vital. This blog covers most important topics from the Assam Tribune today (14-07-2025). These issues are key for both APSC Prelims and Mains preparation, offering insights into the APSC CCE Syllabus.

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Power Infrastructure Upgrade in Assam: Bridging the Energy Deficit

📘 GS Paper 3 (Mains): Infrastructure – Energy | Economic Development | Inclusive Growth
📘 GS Paper 2 (Mains): Governance | Centre-State Relations | E-Governance
📘 GS Paper 5 (APSC): Assam-Specific Development Schemes | Resource Management
📘 Prelims: RDSS | AIIB | AT&C Losses | Power Grid | HT/LT Ratio | Assam Power Projects


🔹 Introduction

Assam is undergoing a major infrastructure transformation in the power sector, with the commissioning of 100 new distribution substations and more underway under various centrally assisted schemes. Despite significant progress, the state still faces technical and commercial losses, outdated infrastructure, and an urgent need for 30,000 crore in investments for a full overhaul.


🔑 Key Highlights from the News

FeatureDetails
Commissioned Substations100 new substations inaugurated on July 12, 2025
AIIB-Assisted Project₹3,000 crore System Enhancement & Loss Reduction Project
Central SchemeRevamped Distribution Sector Scheme (RDSS) under Power Ministry
New Installations20,000+ transformers, 12,000 km HT lines, 15,000 km LT insulated lines
Power Demand Growth2,000 million units increased consumption over 3 years
Power AvailabilityPer capita power availability rose by 5.72% (close to national avg of 6.55%)
Systemic IssuesAssam’s HT:LT line ratio at 1:3 (vs ideal 1:1.2), high AT&C losses at 15.4%

🧠 Prelims Pointers

RDSS: A centrally sponsored scheme to reduce AT&C losses and improve distribution infrastructure

AIIB: Multilateral bank headquartered in Beijing; India is a founding member and major borrower

AT&C Losses: Aggregate Technical and Commercial losses in electricity due to leakage, theft, poor billing

HT and LT Lines: High Tension (33/11kV) vs Low Tension (220/440V) lines – efficiency depends on HT:LT ratio

Saubhagya Scheme: Scheme to ensure last-mile household electrification

Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY): Rural electrification program


📝 Mains Pointers

A. Significance of the Infrastructure Push

DimensionContribution
Quality Power SupplyReduced voltage fluctuation and outages improve household and industrial productivity
Rural ConnectivityElectrification boosts education, healthcare, and agro-processing in rural areas
IndustrializationReliable electricity critical for MSMEs, cold storage, and startups in NE
Climate ActionInsulated cables reduce fire risk and transmission losses

B. Key Challenges

ChallengeImpact
Outdated LT Network3 lakh km of LT lines mostly bare, prone to leakage and safety issues
High AT&C LossesAt 15.4%, it affects discom viability and increases tariff pressure
Funding GapOnly ₹5,500 crore mobilized so far out of ₹30,000 crore required
Topographical ConstraintsHills, rivers, and forests make line expansion difficult
Skill DeficitLack of trained manpower for high-voltage operations and maintenance

C. Government & Multilateral Interventions

InitiativeDescription
RDSSFinancial and technical assistance for loss reduction, digital metering, feeder segregation
AIIB ProjectAssam is a key beneficiary under energy infrastructure enhancement loan
Smart MeteringBeing piloted in urban areas to improve billing efficiency
Solar Integration PlansHybrid solar-grid mini-grids in remote areas
State Load Despatch Centre ModernizationFor real-time monitoring and grid stability

📊 Supporting Data & Reports

AIIB Loan Size: ₹3,000 crore project scheduled for completion by March 2026

AT&C Loss Target (National): To be reduced below 12% by 2025

HT to LT Ideal Ratio: 1:1.2 (Assam’s current is 1:3 – highly inefficient)

Per Capita Power Consumption in Assam: Growing annually, but still lower than national average

15th Finance Commission: Recommended incentivizing states for reducing power losses


🧭 Way Forward

Focus AreaRecommendation
Universal HT Line ConversionReduce dependency on loss-prone LT lines
AT&C Loss Reduction PlanRegular energy audit, smart meters, GIS mapping
Renewable-Smart HybridizationInvest in solar rooftops with smart-grid synchronization
Public–Private PartnershipsDiscoms can partner with energy service companies (ESCOs)
Consumer AwarenessPromote safe usage, load balancing, and bill payments via campaigns

🧩 Conclusion

The ongoing power infrastructure upgrade in Assam marks a critical step toward ensuring 24×7 quality electricity, improving economic competitiveness, and fulfilling the vision of “Power for All”. A systemic overhaul backed by finance, technology, and governance reforms can transform Assam’s power grid into a resilient and green backbone for inclusive growth.

🧬 IIT-Guwahati Develops Rapid Diagnostic Tool for Japanese Encephalitis: Strengthening Public Health Surveillance

📘 GS Paper 2 (Mains): Health | Government Policies | Science & Tech in Governance
📘 GS Paper 3 (Mains): Biotechnology | Disease Surveillance | Innovation
📘 GS Paper 5 (APSC): Assam-Specific Health Issues | NE Public Health | Localized R&D
📘 Prelims: Japanese Encephalitis | Point-of-Care Diagnostics | IIT-G Innovation | Vector-Borne Diseases | ELISA


🔹 Introduction

In a breakthrough for public health in the Northeast, IIT-Guwahati researchers have developed a portable diagnostic tool for early and accurate detection of Japanese Encephalitis (JE). The device, which functions without the need for a laboratory, can detect JE-specific antibodies using a paper-based platform and provide results within 60 minutes—a major leap in rapid surveillance and rural healthcare delivery.


🔑 Key Highlights from the Report

FeatureDetails
InstitutionIndian Institute of Technology, Guwahati (IIT-G)
TechnologyPaper-based microfluidic platform for antibody detection
Target DiseaseJapanese Encephalitis (JE) – mosquito-borne viral disease
Time to Detect~60 minutes using a single drop of blood
ApplicationPoint-of-care diagnostics in remote/rural health centres
FundingSupported by DBT and ICMR for translational research

🧠 Prelims Pointers

Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV): Transmitted by Culex mosquitoes, affects brain and nervous system

Endemic States: Assam, UP, Bihar, Odisha, West Bengal

Symptoms: Fever, disorientation, seizures, coma; ~30% fatality if untreated

JE Vaccination in India: Part of Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) in endemic districts

ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay – traditional lab-based test for JE

Vector Habitat: Paddy fields and stagnant water areas are breeding grounds for Culex species


📝 Mains Pointers

A. Public Health Significance of the Innovation

AreaBenefit
Early DetectionEnables diagnosis within the “golden hour”, saving lives
Rural AccessUseful in remote PHCs without labs or refrigeration
Cost-EffectivenessInexpensive paper-based kits can be mass-produced
Pandemic PreparednessPlatform adaptable for other vector-borne diseases (Dengue, Malaria)
Data IntegrationReadings can be linked to national IDSP portals for real-time surveillance

B. Japanese Encephalitis in Assam – Current Context

MetricDescription
JE Cases in Assam (2024)Over 350 reported, ~62 fatalities
High-Risk DistrictsDibrugarh, Sivasagar, Barpeta, Lakhimpur, Nalbari
Vaccination DriveActive under UIP and special campaigns for children (1–15 years)
ChallengesLate detection, poor cold chain, reluctance toward vaccination

C. Broader Implications for NE Region

DomainImpact
Local R&DIIT-G’s innovation strengthens Make in NE vision
Health EquityReduces urban–rural diagnostic divide
Community Health WorkersASHAs and ANMs can use such tools with minimal training
Tech-Policy SynergyAligns with Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission for real-time reporting
Climate Change RelevanceWarmer, wetter conditions are expanding mosquito habitat in NE

📊 Relevant Reports & Policies

National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP)

National Health Policy 2017 – calls for affordable diagnostics

ICMR Guidelines on JE Diagnosis

Assam State Health Vision 2030

Global Burden of Disease Study – JE among top causes of viral encephalitis in Asia


🧭 Way Forward

AreaRecommendation
Field TrialsValidate device at PHCs in Dibrugarh, Jorhat, and flood-prone districts
ScalabilityTransfer technology to biotech start-ups in Assam for local manufacturing
Integration with ASHA KitsProvide JE diagnostic cards as part of vector-borne disease kits
Public Health SurveillanceLink device data to real-time dashboards under IDSP
Inter-state CollaborationReplicate success in other endemic states like Bihar, UP

🧩 Conclusion

The paper-based JE diagnostic tool by IIT-Guwahati is a landmark in grassroots innovation, blending biotechnology with public health delivery. In Assam’s JE-endemic zones, this can drastically reduce diagnostic delay, save lives, and position the state as a model of health-tech localisation in India.

🛑 National Security Guard (NSG) Hub in Assam: Strengthening Counter-Terror Preparedness in the Northeast

📘 GS Paper 3 (Mains): Internal Security | Role of Security Forces | Federal Response Mechanisms
📘 GS Paper 2 (Mains): Governance | Centre-State Cooperation | Disaster Response
📘 GS Paper 5 (APSC): Security Infrastructure in Assam | Insurgency & Terror Response
📘 Prelims: NSG | Black Cats | NIA | Assam Counter-Terror Hubs | NE Security Challenges


🔹 Introduction

The Government of India, in coordination with the National Security Guard (NSG), has announced the establishment of a permanent NSG Hub in Assam, signaling a shift in counter-terror infrastructure toward the Northeast. This development aims to enhance rapid response capability, anti-terror surveillance, and urban combat readiness in a region increasingly significant for both internal security and geopolitical strategy.


🔑 Key Updates from the Report

FeatureDetails
LocationLikely site near Guwahati or adjoining district with airlift capability
NSG ObjectiveRapid response to terror attacks, hostage situations, hijacks
RationaleIncreasing urbanisation, strategic installations, trans-border vulnerabilities
Existing PresenceNE has NIA, SSB, Assam Rifles, but no NSG forward deployment
Assam’s RoleActs as gateway to seven NE states; proximity to Bangladesh, Bhutan, China
Related InfrastructureAirport security, Brahmaputra riverine patrols, counter-drone measures

🧠 Prelims Pointers

NSG: Elite federal contingency force under Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), created in 1984

Popular Name: “Black Cats” – specialised in counter-terrorism, anti-hijacking, VVIP protection

Composed of: Army personnel (Special Action Group) + paramilitary/State Police (Special Ranger Group)

Existing Hubs: Chennai, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Gandhinagar

NSG Deployment Criteria: High-value targets, urban threat level, strategic asset density

NE Security Forces: NIA, IB, Assam Police STF, CRPF COBRA battalions, Army III Corps


📝 Mains Pointers

A. Why NSG Hub in Assam is Strategically Timed

FactorSignificance
Urban VulnerabilityGuwahati and Dibrugarh emerging as commercial and IT hubs
Cross-border SmugglingDrugs, arms, and counterfeit currency via porous borders
Geo-Political TensionChina proximity and insurgent group safe havens in Myanmar
Counter-Terror SpeedNSG can reduce response time from hours to minutes in NE
Infrastructure RiskOil refineries, bridges, hydro projects are potential targets

B. Current Security Landscape in NE

ForceRole
Assam RiflesBorder management along India–Myanmar
CRPF COBRAAnti-insurgency operations
SSBSecures Indo-Nepal and Indo-Bhutan borders
NIA & IBInvestigate and monitor terror activities
State Police STFHandles localised radical elements and sleeper cells

C. Challenges in Counter-Terror Preparedness

ChallengeDescription
Delayed DeploymentNSG previously had to fly from Delhi or Kolkata – time lag in response
Infrastructure GapsLack of helipads, safe houses, and simulation training grounds
Terrain ComplexityDense forests, hills, and river systems complicate surveillance
Civil-Military CoordinationOccasional jurisdictional overlap with local police and army units
Regional SensitivityOperations must be tactful in ethnic-sensitive and insurgency-hit zones

D. Benefits of NSG Hub for Assam & NE

AreaBenefit
Rapid ResponseNSG can neutralize threats in urban zones faster than remote units
Training & Capacity BuildingState police can be trained in hostage rescue and urban warfare
Strategic BalanceActs as a deterrent for cross-border terror modules
Tech UpgradationIncludes AI-based facial recognition, drone neutralisation, IED disposal
Public ConfidenceSignals national commitment to regional security

📊 Relevant Schemes & Reports

Modernisation of Police Forces Scheme (MPF)

Home Ministry’s NE Security Review (2024–25)

UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy

NATGRID and CCTNS Integration

India–Myanmar Border Security Cooperation Agreement (2023)


🧭 Way Forward

StrategyRecommendation
Integrated Response GridNSG to coordinate with NIA, Assam Police, Army, and IB
NE Counter-Terror CentreGuwahati can host simulation labs and cyber-terror training grounds
Community IntelligenceLocal citizen networks can be integrated for soft surveillance
Civil PreparednessUrban mock drills and school-level evacuation awareness
Legal OversightEnsure NSG actions are rights-based, with minimal civilian disruption

🧩 Conclusion

Establishing an NSG hub in Assam represents a critical milestone in India’s evolving homeland security architecture. It reflects a shift toward decentralised, rapid, and tech-driven counter-terror preparedness, ensuring that the Northeast is not just secured—but empowered to respond to emerging national threats.

🐄 Assam’s Ethnoveterinary Practices Recognized Nationally: Preserving Indigenous Animal Healthcare Knowledge

📘 GS Paper 1 (Mains): Culture | Indigenous Knowledge Systems
📘 GS Paper 2 (Mains): Health | Traditional Medicine | Tribal Welfare
📘 GS Paper 3 (Mains): Environment | Livelihood | Biodiversity Conservation
📘 GS Paper 5 (APSC): Assam’s Indigenous Practices | Livestock Sector | Rural Development
📘 Prelims: Ethnoveterinary Medicine (EVM) | NLM | NBAGR | ICAR | AYUSH


🔹 Introduction

Assam’s age-old ethnoveterinary knowledge (EVK)—used for treating livestock through locally available herbs, minerals, and traditional techniques—has received national recognition by the National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR) and ICAR. The move is seen as part of a larger push to integrate traditional wisdom into modern livestock health management, especially in rural and tribal belts of India.


🔑 Key Updates from the Report

FeatureDetails
Recognizing BodyNBAGR (ICAR wing under Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare)
Practice AreaAssam’s tribal and rural livestock-rearing communities
Types of RemediesHerbal pastes, smoke chambers, fermented plant extracts, ash therapy
Target DiseasesDiarrhea, foot rot, mastitis, ticks, infertility in cattle
ImpactReduces antibiotic misuse, preserves biodiversity, empowers rural women
Associated LivestockIndigenous cattle breeds (e.g., Siri, Pati, and Miri buffalo)

🧠 Prelims Pointers

Ethnoveterinary Medicine (EVM): Traditional, community-based practices for animal health

NBAGR: National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal – under ICAR

ICAR: Indian Council of Agricultural Research – apex R&D body

NLM: National Livestock Mission – supports indigenous breed conservation

AYUSH: Covers traditional Indian systems like Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha—but not formally EVM

Livestock Breeds of Assam: Pati cattle, Miri buffalo, Assam Hill goat – key indigenous species


📝 Mains Pointers

A. Importance of Ethnoveterinary Knowledge

DomainBenefit
Healthcare AccessUseful in rural and forested areas lacking modern vet clinics
Cost-EffectiveLow-input, locally sourced, and culturally accepted
Women’s RoleKnowledge preserved by elderly women and midwives
EcologicalPromotes conservation of medicinal plants and biodiversity
Resistance-FreeReduces dependence on antibiotics and synthetic drugs

B. Risks of Losing EVM

RiskExplanation
Oral TraditionKnowledge mostly passed down orally—prone to extinction
Youth DisinterestYounger generations moving toward chemical-heavy vet practices
Market PressureDominance of pharmaceutical companies in livestock care
Absence of DocumentationLack of standardized records or research validation

C. Government & Research Support

InstitutionRole
ICAR-NBAGRDocumenting, validating, and conserving traditional vet knowledge
Assam Agricultural University (AAU)Working on EVM documentation in tribal belts
NABARD & NLMSupport SHGs using EVM in goat and dairy farming clusters
Livestock Research Stations (Diphu, North Lakhimpur)Hosting pilot trials on herbal formulations
Rural Livelihood MissionsIntegrating EVM into animal husbandry SHGs

📊 Supporting Data & Examples

Assam has 6+ Indigenous Livestock Breeds documented by NBAGR

EVM Trial (2024): Herbal remedy for mastitis in Pati cattle showed 78% efficacy

AAU Field Survey: ~38% of rural households use EVM as first response

Medicinal Plants Used: Tulsi, Neem, Bhatghila, Mahua, Bamboo ash, Wild turmeric

Successful SHGs: Karbi Anglong and Barpeta dairy groups using traditional deworming methods


🧭 Way Forward

StrategyRecommendation
CodificationDigitize and validate folk veterinary practices using ICMR-ICAR tools
EducationInclude EVK modules in vet and agri-university curricula
Community IP RightsDocument remedies with benefit-sharing under Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL)
Women’s EmpowermentTrain and certify rural women as Para-Vets in EVM
Value AdditionDevelop branded herbal animal care products (e.g., anti-tick powder, digestives)

🧩 Conclusion

Recognizing and integrating Assam’s ethnoveterinary heritage is not just about livestock—it is about empowering rural women, preserving ecological wisdom, and reducing rural healthcare inequalities. A future-ready veterinary system must be rooted in tradition, validated by science, and accessible to the last mile.

APSC Prelims Practice Questions

🔹 Topic 1: Power Infrastructure Upgrade in Assam

Q1. Which of the following statements about the Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme (RDSS) are correct?

  1. It is a centrally sponsored scheme to reduce AT&C losses.
  2. It aims to install smart meters and improve feeder segregation.
  3. It focuses only on generation and transmission, not distribution.

Select the correct answer:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer: (a)
📘 Explanation:

  • RDSS focuses on distribution, not generation or transmission (so statement 3 is incorrect).
  • It targets reduction in AT&C losses, smart metering, feeder segregation, and reliability improvement.

Q2. In the context of Assam’s power sector, a low HT:LT line ratio indicates:

(a) Higher efficiency in rural electrification
(b) Better load balancing in urban grids
(c) Increased technical losses due to overloaded LT lines
(d) Optimal infrastructure usage for remote connectivity

Answer: (c)
📘 Explanation:
A low HT:LT ratio (e.g., Assam’s 1:3 instead of ideal 1:1.2) indicates more reliance on low-tension lines, which suffer higher losses and overload.


🔹 Topic 2: IIT-Guwahati’s JE Diagnostic Tool

Q3. Japanese Encephalitis (JE), recently detected by a point-of-care device developed by IIT-Guwahati, is:

(a) Caused by a protozoan spread by Anopheles mosquitoes
(b) A viral disease spread by Culex mosquitoes
(c) Caused by a fungus found in rice fields
(d) A bacterial disease spread by contaminated food

Answer: (b)
📘 Explanation:
JE is a viral infection spread by Culex mosquitoes, primarily affecting the central nervous system.


Q4. Which of the following are features of point-of-care diagnostic devices?

  1. Require advanced lab settings and refrigeration
  2. Offer rapid results at the patient’s location
  3. Useful in low-resource settings
  4. Always use invasive blood tests

Select the correct answer:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: (b)
📘 Explanation:

  • Statement 1 is false—PoC devices are designed for non-lab use.
  • Statement 4 is also false—many are minimally invasive or saliva/urine-based.

🔹 Topic 3: NSG Hub in Assam

Q5. The National Security Guard (NSG), recently proposed to be stationed in Assam, functions under the:

(a) Ministry of Defence
(b) National Security Council Secretariat
(c) Ministry of Home Affairs
(d) Cabinet Secretariat

Answer: (c)
📘 Explanation:
NSG is an elite counter-terror force functioning under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).


Q6. Which of the following are core functions of the NSG?

  1. Urban counter-terror operations
  2. VIP protection
  3. Border management
  4. Hostage rescue and anti-hijacking operations

Select the correct answer:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 3 and 4 only

Answer: (b)
📘 Explanation:
NSG is not responsible for border management. That is the domain of forces like BSF, Assam Rifles, SSB.


🔹 Topic 4: Assam’s Ethnoveterinary Practices

Q7. Ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM), recently recognised in Assam, refers to:

(a) Advanced pharmacological treatment for animals
(b) Traditional community-based animal healthcare practices
(c) Livestock breeding using gene editing
(d) Veterinary systems taught in AYUSH colleges

Answer: (b)
📘 Explanation:
EVM refers to indigenous practices used by rural communities to treat animal diseases using local herbs and methods.


Q8. Which of the following are advantages of ethnoveterinary practices?

  1. Promote conservation of indigenous medicinal plants
  2. Help reduce antimicrobial resistance
  3. Require expensive pharmaceutical formulations
  4. Empower rural women and SHGs

Select the correct answer:
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: (c)
📘 Explanation:

The rest are key advantages: ecological, medical, and socio-economic.

Statement 3 is incorrect—EVM avoids expensive drugs.

APSC Mains Practice Question

Question:

Assam’s power infrastructure has seen major investments and upgrades in recent years, yet challenges like high AT&C losses and grid inefficiency persist.
Examine the causes of Assam’s power distribution challenges and suggest a strategy for ensuring reliable and inclusive electricity access across the state.
(Word Limit: 250)


Model Answer:

🔸 Introduction
Assam is undergoing a significant power sector transformation with over 100 new substations, AIIB-assisted projects, and RDSS-supported reforms. Despite these efforts, the state continues to struggle with high Aggregate Technical & Commercial (AT&C) losses (15.4%), poor HT:LT ratio (1:3), and inconsistent rural access. Addressing these gaps is crucial for energy equity and economic competitiveness.


🔹 Causes of Distribution Challenges

FactorDescription
Outdated InfrastructureOver 3 lakh km of uninsulated low-tension (LT) lines increase losses.
Skewed HT:LT RatioHeavy reliance on LT lines leads to overloads and voltage drops.
Funding Gap₹30,000 crore needed, but only ₹5,500 crore mobilized so far.
Geographical BarriersHilly terrain and scattered villages make grid expansion costly.
Lack of Smart MonitoringManual billing, theft, and poor auditing inflate commercial losses.

🔹 Strategic Measures

AreaRecommendation
Infrastructure RationalizationConvert LT lines to HT wherever feasible; install insulated cabling.
AT&C Loss ReductionDeploy smart meters, feeder segregation, and energy audits under RDSS.
Renewable IntegrationPromote solar hybrid mini-grids in remote hamlets.
Capacity BuildingTrain linemen and technicians on safety and grid analytics.
Public–Private ParticipationEncourage ESCOs (Energy Service Companies) to adopt feeder lines for O&M.

🔸 Conclusion
Reliable power is a cornerstone of Assam’s development, especially for MSMEs, healthcare, and digital governance. A holistic approach combining infrastructure, institutional reform, and inclusive financing is key to achieving the vision of 24×7 quality electricity for all in Assam.

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