APSC Current Affairs: Assam Tribune Notes with MCQs and Answer Writing (31/07/2025)
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For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, staying updated with current affairs is vital. This blog covers most important topics from the Assam Tribune today (31-07-2025). These issues are key for both APSC Prelims and Mains preparation, offering insights into the APSC CCE Syllabus.
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From The Assam Tribune, 31 July 2025
ISRO’s PSLV-C62 Mission: Strengthening India’s Space Capabilities
📘 GS Paper 3 (Mains): Science & Technology | Space Technology | Strategic Development
📘 GS Paper 1 (Prelims): Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) | Recent Launches
📘 GS Paper 5 (APSC): India’s Scientific Advancement | Tech-led Diplomacy
Introduction
On 30 July 2025, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched the PSLV-C62 mission carrying multiple Earth observation and scientific satellites. The launch underscores India’s growing prominence in cost-effective, multi-payload launch capabilities, which serve both national and global needs.
Key Highlights
| Feature | Description |
| Launch Vehicle | PSLV-C62 (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) |
| Launch Site | Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota |
| Payloads | 1 Indian + 6 international satellites |
| Mission Objective | Earth observation, disaster management, climate and weather tracking |
| Special Features | PSLV’s multiple-orbit deployment; commercial and strategic payload mix |
Prelims Pointers
PSLV: Known as ISRO’s workhorse, excels in low Earth orbit (LEO) and sun-synchronous orbit launches
NSIL (NewSpace India Ltd): ISRO’s commercial arm for foreign satellite launches
Antrix Corporation: Another ISRO marketing agency for space products
Remote Sensing Satellites: Used in agriculture, forest mapping, urban planning
Gaganyaan: India’s human spaceflight program (to be launched soon)
Mains Pointers
A. Importance of PSLV-C62 for India
| Area | Significance |
| Technological Sovereignty | Demonstrates India’s indigenous satellite and launch capability |
| Strategic Value | Dual-use payloads can support national security and border surveillance |
| Commercial Success | Enhances India’s image as a low-cost launch provider globally |
| Environmental Monitoring | Satellites assist in climate, weather prediction, disaster alerts |
| Scientific Research | Enables real-time data for academia and institutions |
B. Challenges for India’s Space Sector
| Challenge | Description |
| Funding Gaps | Budgetary allocation lower compared to global peers like NASA, CNSA |
| Private Sector Entry | Still evolving; regulatory clarity under IN-SPACe needed |
| Space Debris & Traffic | Need for better orbital management and tracking systems |
| Brain Drain | Young space scientists shifting abroad for R&D opportunities |
| Dependence on PSLV | GSLV and RLV tech needs faster scaling |
Government Initiatives
IN-SPACe (Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Center): Regulates private space startups
NSIL: Executes PSLV launches for international clients
Indian Space Policy, 2023: Facilitates private and foreign participation
Digital Earth Platform: Satellite data for governance and planning
Start-up ecosystem: Boost through Atmanirbhar Bharat and Make in India
Way Forward
| Strategy | Action |
| Private Participation | Encourage PPPs in satellite manufacture and payload delivery |
| Green Propulsion | Develop sustainable fuels for small satellite launch vehicles (SSLVs) |
| Export Hub | Make Sriharikota a global launchpad for developing countries |
| Academic-Industry Linkages | Collaborative R&D on micro and nano satellites |
| Global Alliances | Collaborate with ESA, NASA, JAXA for deep space missions |
Conclusion
The PSLV-C62 mission showcases India’s scientific resilience and diplomatic ambition in space. With continued investment, innovation, and collaboration, India can emerge as a leading global player in the new space economy, reinforcing both economic and strategic goals.
Assam’s Green Credit Program for Afforestation Launched in Dima Hasao
📘 GS Paper 3 (Mains): Environment | Climate Change | Sustainable Development
📘 GS Paper 2 (Mains): Government Schemes | Tribal Development | Governance
📘 GS Paper 5 (APSC): Assam’s Environmental Policies | Biodiversity Conservation
📘 Prelims: Green Credit Programme | Forest Landscape Restoration | NAPCC
Introduction
In a landmark step for ecological restoration, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) launched a pilot of the Green Credit Programme (GCP) in Dima Hasao, Assam. The initiative, linked to India’s LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) mission, promotes community-driven afforestation and biodiversity restoration with marketable green credits.
Key Details
| Feature | Description |
| Launched By | MoEFCC in partnership with Assam Forest Department |
| Pilot Region | Dima Hasao district (tribal, hilly zone) |
| Objective | Incentivize tree planting and forest restoration through tradable green credits |
| Linked Programmes | LiFE Mission, National Afforestation Programme (NAP), CAMPA |
| Market Mechanism | Credits to be traded by corporates to meet ESG and compliance goals |
Prelims Pointers
Green Credit Programme (GCP): Notified under Environment Protection Act, 1986 in 2023
National Afforestation Programme (NAP): Centrally sponsored, supports forest development agencies
CAMPA: Compensatory Afforestation Fund for diversion of forest land
LiFE Mission: Flagship initiative to promote pro-planet behaviours
Green India Mission: NAPCC component targeting ecosystem restoration
Mains Pointers
A. Importance of the Green Credit Pilot in Assam
| Dimension | Impact |
| Ecological | Rehabilitates degraded land and enhances carbon sequestration |
| Economic | Green credits can be monetized, benefiting local communities |
| Social | Empowers tribal communities with climate-linked livelihoods |
| Policy Innovation | First-of-its-kind decentralized green credit model in NE |
| Climate Diplomacy | Aligns with India’s updated NDC under Paris Agreement |
B. Challenges in Implementation
| Challenge | Description |
| Monitoring & Verification | Difficult in remote, hilly zones |
| Community Participation | Requires consistent awareness and training |
| Credit Valuation Mechanism | Lack of transparent pricing and resale platforms |
| Forest Rights Conflicts | Overlapping with traditional and legal claims |
| Sustainability | Ensuring long-term upkeep post-credit generation |
Government Support & Related Programs
MoEFCC Guidelines on GCP (2023) – Standard procedures for afforestation-linked crediting
State Climate Action Plans – Integration of green economy models
Forest Rights Act, 2006 – Recognition of tribal land use rights
Digital Monitoring Tools – GIS-based tracking of afforestation activities
UN REDD+ & National Biodiversity Mission – Global & national support for restoration finance
Way Forward
| Suggestion | Strategy |
| Transparent Credit Registry | Use blockchain-based registry to avoid fraud |
| Training Modules | Capacity building for forest officials and tribal SHGs |
| Local Market Integration | Link green credits with Assam’s local eco-tourism and agro-forestry initiatives |
| Carbon + Livelihood Accounting | Measure dual outcomes for sustainable growth |
| Public-Private Partnerships | Engage CSR funds for joint afforestation |
Conclusion
The Green Credit pilot in Dima Hasao positions Assam at the forefront of India’s green economy evolution. If implemented effectively, it can create a scalable model for climate-resilient livelihoods, blending environmental justice and economic opportunity.
Centre’s Measures to Curb Cybercrime in Northeast India
📘 GS Paper 3 (Mains): Cybersecurity | Internal Security | ICT & Governance
📘 GS Paper 2 (Mains): Governance | Government Policies | E-Governance
📘 GS Paper 5 (APSC): Assam and NE-Specific Security Challenges | Digital Governance
📘 Prelims: Indian Cybercrime Coordination Centre (I4C) | CERT-In | MHA Measures
Introduction
Recognizing the rising threat of cybercrime in Northeast India, especially financial fraud and misinformation, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has announced a multi-pronged cybercrime response strategy. This includes digital policing upgrades, training in cyber forensics, and improved reporting systems in Assam and other NE states.
Key Details
| Component | Description |
| New Initiative | Expansion of Indian Cybercrime Coordination Centre (I4C) footprint in NE |
| Focus States | Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura (with high cases of digital financial fraud) |
| Collaboration | CERT-In, MHA, State Police Cyber Cells |
| Priority Areas | Financial frauds, fake news, child safety, cyberterrorism |
| Tech Upgrade | Integration of AI-driven tools and digital evidence platforms |
Prelims Pointers
I4C: Indian Cybercrime Coordination Centre, under MHA, launched in 2020
Cyber Swachhta Kendra: Botnet cleaning and malware analysis program by MeitY
CERT-In: Nodal agency for cyber incident response
Cyber Crime Reporting Portal: Citizen interface for reporting fraud
National Cybersecurity Strategy: Drafted but yet to be formally released
Mains Pointers
A. Why Focus on Cybercrime in Northeast India?
| Reason | Explanation |
| Digital Inclusion Rise | Surge in smartphone and mobile internet penetration |
| Low Awareness | Limited digital literacy makes citizens vulnerable |
| Border Security | Proximity to international borders raises cyber espionage risks |
| Insurgency Links | Use of encrypted platforms for planning illicit activity |
| Banking & UPI Fraud | Increasing digital financial ecosystem with minimal safeguards |
B. Challenges in Cybersecurity Governance
| Challenge | Description |
| Infrastructure Gaps | Shortage of dedicated cyber labs in NE states |
| Human Resource Deficit | Lack of trained personnel in police & judiciary |
| Jurisdictional Complexity | Cross-border nature of cybercrime |
| Delay in Reporting | Low trust in redressal systems |
| Cyber Hygiene Issues | Public unaware of basic data safety norms |
Government Interventions
National Cybercrime Reporting Portal: Toll-free and multilingual services
Capacity Building for Law Enforcement: CERT-In & I4C trainings
SOPs for Cybercrime Investigation: Shared with state police forces
Digital Police Portal: Part of CCTNS for tracking cybercriminal records
Awareness Campaigns: ‘Cyber Surakshit Bharat’ and Digital Literacy Programs
Way Forward
| Strategy | Action |
| NE-Specific Cyber Labs | Establish forensic and AI-enabled response centers |
| Community Policing | Link village heads with cyber volunteers |
| School Curriculum Reform | Introduce digital safety awareness at early stages |
| Private Sector Collaboration | Engage fintech and telecom players to co-create safeguards |
| Fast-Track Courts for Cyber Offences | Reduce pendency and strengthen deterrence |
Conclusion
Securing cyberspace in the Northeast is integral to India’s internal security, digital economy, and citizen trust. Assam, as a gateway to the region, must take the lead in building a resilient cybercrime response ecosystem, combining technology, training, and trust-based governance.
APSC Prelims MCQs
Practice questions on the topics above
🛰️ Topic 1: ISRO’s PSLV-C62 Mission
Q1. Consider the following statements regarding the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV):
- It is a four-stage launch vehicle using alternating solid and liquid fuels.
- PSLV is capable of placing satellites in both geosynchronous and sun-synchronous orbits.
- It has never failed in any of its launches since inception.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Answer: A
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct: PSLV has 4 stages with solid-liquid alternation.
- Statement 2 is correct: It can place satellites in sun-synchronous and low-earth orbits (not typically geosynchronous).
- Statement 3 is incorrect: PSLV had a few failures, including its maiden flight in 1993.
🌿 Topic 2: Green Credit Programme (GCP) in Dima Hasao
Q2. The Green Credit Programme (GCP), recently piloted in Assam, is primarily aimed at:
A. Reducing emissions from forest fires through suppression techniques.
B. Trading carbon credits generated from renewable energy sources.
C. Generating marketable green credits through environmentally beneficial actions.
D. Providing forest rights to tribal communities under FRA, 2006.
Show answer
Answer: C
Explanation: GCP provides tradable green credits to incentivize tree planting, ecosystem restoration, and afforestation efforts.
Q3. Which of the following national programs are directly related to afforestation and ecosystem restoration?
- Green India Mission
- National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
- CAMPA
- Jal Jeevan Mission
Select the correct answer using the code below:
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1, 2 and 3 only
C. 1, 3 and 4 only
D. 2 and 4 only
Show answer
Answer: B
Explanation:
- GIM and CAMPA are directly related to afforestation.
- NAPCC includes GIM as one of its eight missions.
- Jal Jeevan Mission is for water supply, not afforestation.
🖥️ Topic 3: Centre’s Measures on Cybercrime in Northeast
Q4. Consider the following regarding cybercrime governance in India:
- The Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) functions under the Ministry of Electronics and IT.
- CERT-In is responsible for handling cybersecurity incidents.
- Cyber Swachhta Kendra aims to clean malware infections in end-user systems.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Answer: B
Explanation:
- I4C functions under Ministry of Home Affairs, not MeitY.
- CERT-In and Cyber Swachhta Kendra are under MeitY and handle cyber incidents and malware respectively.
Q5. The National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal, recently expanded in NE India, allows citizens to:
A. File offline complaints at local police stations for IT Act violations
B. Register cyber complaints anonymously across all Indian languages
C. Report cybercrimes related to women and children through an online platform
D. Monitor and track cybercriminals using GPS-enabled tools ✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: The portal was designed for reporting cybercrime, especially those affecting women and children, with options for online filing and escalation.
Mains Answer Writing
One exam-style question with a model answer
Question
Discuss the significance of the Green Credit Programme (GCP) launched in Assam in the context of India’s environmental governance and sustainable development goals.
(Word Limit: 250)
Model Answer
🔹 Introduction:
The Green Credit Programme (GCP), launched by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), represents a pioneering attempt to incentivize environmentally positive behavior through market-based green credits. Its pilot launch in Assam’s Dima Hasao district makes the Northeast a testing ground for nature-linked community development.
Significance in Environmental Governance
| Area | Contribution |
| Decentralized Conservation | Empowers local communities to undertake afforestation and restoration |
| Market-Driven Approach | Monetizes green actions, aligning ecology with economy |
| Climate Resilience | Enhances carbon sinks and mitigates land degradation |
| Biodiversity Preservation | Focuses on native species and ecosystem revival |
| Sustainable Livelihoods | Links tribal economies with climate financing |
Link to National and Global Commitments
- Supports India’s NDCs under the Paris Agreement (carbon sequestration targets)
- Aligned with SDGs 13 (Climate Action) and 15 (Life on Land)
- Complements Green India Mission, LiFE Mission, and CAMPA
Challenges
- Monitoring & Verification in hilly and remote areas
- Valuation Transparency of green credits in absence of robust trading platforms
- Awareness Gaps among local populations
- Land Tenure Conflicts under Forest Rights Act
Conclusion
The Green Credit Programme has the potential to become a game-changer in India’s climate governance, provided it ensures inclusivity, transparency, and scalability. Assam’s pilot can serve as a replicable model for other ecologically sensitive regions, merging environmental justice with economic incentives.
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