APSC Current Affairs: Assam Tribune Notes with MCQs and Answer Writing (24/10/2024)

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, staying updated with current affairs is vital. This blog covers most important topics from the Assam Tribune today (24-10-2024). These issues are key for both APSC Prelims and Mains preparation, offering insights into the APSC CCE Syllabus.

1. BRICS Calls for Gaza Ceasefire

GS Paper 2: International Relations

Introduction:
The BRICS nations, consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, recently expanded to include Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. During the 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan, Russia, the member countries called for a ceasefire in Gaza amid escalating violence between Israel and Hamas. The Kazan Declaration emphasized the humanitarian crisis and the need for peace in the region.

Key Points:

• BRICS leaders issued a statement urging an immediate and comprehensive ceasefire in Gaza.
• They condemned the loss of civilian lives and stressed the need for humanitarian aid to reach affected areas.
• The summit highlighted the importance of adhering to international law and supporting peace negotiations.
• The declaration expressed support for efforts by countries like Egypt and Qatar to mediate the conflict.

Prelims Pointers:

• BRICS: A coalition of emerging economies—Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa—expanded to include Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE.
• Kazan Declaration: A joint statement emphasizing peace and humanitarian aid in conflict zones like Gaza.
• Gaza Strip: A region in West Asia with ongoing conflict between Israel and Hamas.

Mains Pointers:

1. Importance:
   • Strengthening Multilateral Diplomacy: Reflects BRICS’ influence in global conflict resolution and peacekeeping efforts.
   • Geopolitical Balance: Highlights the role of emerging economies in shaping global narratives.
   • Humanitarian Emphasis: Focuses on the need for humanitarian intervention in war-torn regions.
   • India’s Diplomatic Position: Reinforces India’s stance on peaceful resolutions, aligning with its foreign policy.
   • Regional Stability: Aims to stabilize West Asia, critical for global trade routes and energy security.
2. Challenges:
   • Diverse Interests within BRICS: Managing differing priorities among member nations.
   • Criticism from Western Countries: Potential backlash for not aligning with Western positions on the Israel-Hamas conflict.
   • On-ground Implementation: Difficulty in ensuring that ceasefire appeals translate into actionable steps.
   • Humanitarian Access: Challenges in delivering aid amidst ongoing military operations.
   • Risk of Escalation: The volatile situation in Gaza risks further escalation despite diplomatic efforts.
3. Way Ahead:
   • Active Mediation Role: BRICS can leverage diplomatic channels to facilitate peace talks.
   • Strengthening Partnerships: Collaborate with the UN and regional powers for sustained peace.
   • Focus on Humanitarian Aid: Ensure continuous supply of aid to mitigate the humanitarian crisis.
   • Promoting Dialogue: Encourage direct negotiations between conflicting parties.
   • Long-term Peace Framework: Work towards a sustainable peace framework that addresses core issues like territorial disputes and refugee rehabilitation.

Conclusion:
BRICS’ stance on the Gaza ceasefire underscores the importance of multilateral diplomacy in resolving global conflicts. The focus on peace and humanitarian efforts demonstrates a commitment to stability and justice in West Asia.

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2. Assam Police Focus on Crime Investigation

GS Paper 2: Governance and Law Enforcement

Introduction:
With the decline of militancy in Assam, the state police have shifted their focus towards improving criminal investigations and raising conviction rates. The Director General of Police (DGP), GP Singh, highlighted the efforts to modernize law enforcement and enhance the quality of investigations, aiming to bring Assam closer to the national average in terms of conviction rates.

Key Points:

• Assam Police’s conviction rate increased from 5.4% in 2021 to 22.22% in 2024, with a target of reaching 55%.
• Focus on adopting best practices from federal agencies like CBI and NIA.
• Priority given to addressing pending cases and improving follow-up in courts.
• Emphasis on filling vacancies in key positions to enhance investigative capacity.

Prelims Pointers:

• Conviction Rate: Measures the percentage of cases resulting in a conviction.
• DGP GP Singh: Key figure leading the transformation of Assam Police.
• Militancy in Assam: Once a significant issue, now greatly reduced, allowing for a shift towards general crime management.

Mains Pointers:

1. Importance:
   • Strengthening Rule of Law: High conviction rates enhance the credibility of the judicial system.
   • Boosting Public Trust: Effective policing fosters trust between law enforcement and citizens.
   • Economic Stability: A safe environment attracts investments and fosters economic growth.
   • Social Harmony: Reducing crime improves community well-being and social stability.
   • National Security: Improved investigative standards help in addressing organized crime and potential terrorist activities.
2. Challenges:
   • Resource Limitations: Insufficient infrastructure for modern forensic investigation.
   • Backlog of Cases: Delays in the judicial process affect timely justice delivery.
   • Need for Specialized Training: Lack of expertise in handling cybercrime and financial fraud.
   • Community Distrust: Historical grievances with law enforcement in certain regions.
   • Political Pressures: Challenges in maintaining autonomy in politically sensitive cases.
3. Way Ahead:
   • Investment in Technology: Utilizing AI and digital tools for better crime detection.
   • Capacity Building: Continuous training programs for police personnel.
   • Speedy Judicial Processes: Collaborating with the judiciary to expedite trials.
   • Public Awareness Campaigns: Building community trust through transparency.
   • Collaboration with Central Agencies: Adopting best practices and frameworks from agencies like CBI.

Conclusion:
Assam’s focus on enhancing criminal investigations reflects a commitment to law and order, crucial for fostering a secure and prosperous environment. A continued emphasis on modernizing the police force will further elevate the state’s law enforcement standards.

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3. Supreme Court on Environment Protection

GS Paper 3: Environment and Ecology

Introduction:
The Supreme Court of India emphasized the constitutional right to a pollution-free environment while criticizing the Centre’s dilution of the Environment Protection Act. This comes against the backdrop of rising air pollution, particularly from stubble burning in Northern India, and the need for effective regulatory measures.

Key Points:

• The Supreme Court highlighted the fundamental right under Article 21 for a clean environment.
• Criticized the dilution of Section 15 of the Environment Protection Act, which weakened penalties.
• Stressed the need for stricter implementation of environmental laws to protect citizens’ rights.
• Urged the central and state governments to address air pollution from stubble burning.

Prelims Pointers:

• Environment Protection Act, 1986: Central legislation for the protection of the environment.
• Article 21: Guarantees the right to life, including the right to a clean environment.
• Stubble Burning: A key contributor to seasonal air pollution in North India.

Mains Pointers:

1. Importance:
   • Safeguarding Public Health: Reduces exposure to pollutants that harm respiratory health.
   • Judicial Activism: Demonstrates the judiciary’s role in enforcing fundamental rights.
   • Long-term Sustainability: Promotes policies aimed at reducing environmental degradation.
   • International Commitments: Aligns with global goals like the Paris Agreement on climate change.
   • Empowering Citizens: Reinforces the public’s right to demand a cleaner environment.
2. Challenges:
   • Enforcement Gaps: Delays in implementing regulations undermine the effectiveness of laws.
   • Farmers’ Resistance: Challenges in providing viable alternatives to stubble burning.
   • Inadequate Infrastructure: Limited monitoring capabilities for air quality across rural areas.
   • Economic Constraints: Balancing economic activities with environmental sustainability.
   • Coordination Issues: Poor coordination between central and state agencies.
3. Way Ahead:
   • Strengthening Penalties: Reinforce the Environment Protection Act with stricter enforcement.
   • Alternative Technologies: Promote bio-decomposers and other alternatives to stubble burning.
   • Capacity Building: Train local authorities in effective environmental monitoring.
   • Public-Private Partnerships: Encourage industry participation in clean technology.
   • Regional Cooperation: Foster inter-state collaboration to tackle transboundary pollution.

Conclusion:
The Supreme Court’s intervention underscores the need for robust environmental governance. Ensuring a pollution-free environment is not only a constitutional obligation but also a pathway to sustainable development.

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4. Assam Industrial Growth—AIIDC Bids for Industrial Sheds

GS Paper 3: Economic Development

Introduction:
The Assam Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation (AIIDC) announced bids for leasing industrial sheds in Chaygaon, Kamrup, aimed at fostering local industrial growth. This initiative is part of Assam’s broader strategy to attract investment and support small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

Key Points:

• AIIDC is offering a 2,700 sq. ft. industrial shed for a 30-year lease in Chaygaon, Kamrup.
• This move aims to boost industrial activities in the region, particularly in manufacturing and agro-processing.
• The initiative is aligned with Assam’s industrial policy, which focuses on creating infrastructure to support SMEs.
• The bidding process is designed to ensure transparency and attract genuine investors.

Prelims Pointers:

• AIIDC: Assam Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation.
• Chaygaon Industrial Growth Centre: A key hub for industrial activities in Kamrup district.
• SMEs: Small and Medium Enterprises, crucial for regional economic growth.

Mains Pointers:

1. Importance:
   • Boosts Regional Economy: Enhances local manufacturing and creates job opportunities.
   • Promotes Entrepreneurship: Provides affordable infrastructure for startups and SMEs.
   • Supports Assam’s Act East Policy: Strengthens trade links with Southeast Asia.
   • Diversifies Industrial Base: Reduces dependency on traditional sectors like tea and oil.
   • Encourages Foreign Investment: Makes Assam more attractive to investors looking for new growth markets.
2. Challenges:
   • Infrastructure Deficiencies: Limited transport connectivity in certain areas.
   • Bureaucratic Delays: Complex approval processes can discourage investors.
   • Environmental Concerns: Industrial expansion could impact local ecosystems.
   • Local Resistance: Potential land acquisition issues may lead to conflicts.
   • High Competition: Competing with industrial centers in other Indian states.
3. Way Ahead:
   • Enhance Infrastructure: Improve transport connectivity and power supply.
   • Streamline Approval Processes: Simplify procedures for quicker project clearances.
   • Promote Green Industry: Encourage eco-friendly practices in new industrial units.
   • Engage with Local Communities: Build trust and ensure fair compensation in land acquisition.
   • Incentivize Investment: Offer tax benefits and subsidies to attract businesses.

Conclusion:
The AIIDC’s initiative to develop industrial growth centers reflects Assam’s vision for balanced economic development. By creating conducive conditions for SMEs, Assam can drive sustainable industrialization and economic prosperity.

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5. Supreme Court Criticizes Centre Over Delay in Environmental Enforcement

**GS Paper 2: Governance, GS Paper 3: Environment

Introduction:
The Supreme Court’s criticism of the Centre for delays in the enforcement of the Environmental Protection Act has put the spotlight on India’s efforts to uphold environmental rights. This critique comes at a time when pollution levels, particularly from stubble burning, are a pressing concern in North India.

Key Points:

• The Supreme Court emphasized that citizens have a constitutional right to a clean environment under Article 21.
• It criticized the lack of implementation of Section 15(c) of the Environmental Protection Act, which weakens penalties for violations.
• The court directed the Centre to expedite the appointment of adjudicating officers to ensure the law’s effective enforcement.
• The remarks come amidst widespread concerns over air pollution in Delhi and neighboring states.

Prelims Pointers:

• Environmental Protection Act, 1986: Legislation aimed at protecting and improving environmental quality in India.
• Article 21: Protects the right to life, including the right to a clean and healthy environment.
• Section 15(c): Pertains to the penal provisions under the Environmental Protection Act.

Mains Pointers:

1. Importance:
   • Judicial Oversight: Reinforces the role of the judiciary in ensuring environmental accountability.
   • Protecting Public Health: Reduces exposure to hazardous pollutants.
   • Aligning with Global Standards: Enhances India’s reputation in global environmental governance.
   • Strengthening Legal Frameworks: Calls for robust enforcement of environmental laws.
   • Fostering Awareness: Emphasizes the need for greater public awareness on pollution control.
2. Challenges:
   • Enforcement Gaps: Inadequate monitoring and compliance mechanisms.
   • Farmer Resistance: Difficulty in implementing alternatives to practices like stubble burning.
   • Lack of Coordination: Challenges in inter-agency collaboration for environmental management.
   • Economic Pressures: Balancing economic activities with stringent environmental regulations.
   • Public Apathy: Limited community involvement in addressing pollution challenges.
3. Way Ahead:
   • Appointing Adjudicating Officers: Accelerate the process to ensure timely action.
   • Promoting Clean Technologies: Encourage the adoption of sustainable practices in agriculture and industry.
   • Strengthening Penalties: Implement harsher penalties for repeated violations of environmental laws.
   • Engaging with Farmers: Develop incentive-based approaches to reduce stubble burning.
   • Enhancing Public Participation: Create awareness campaigns to engage communities in pollution control efforts.

Conclusion:
The Supreme Court’s focus on the enforcement of environmental laws is a reminder of the need for a comprehensive approach to pollution control. Effective implementation is essential for protecting citizens’ rights and ensuring sustainable development.

APSC Prelims Practice Questions

Question 1: Which of the following countries are new members of the BRICS group as of the 16th BRICS Summit?

1. Egypt
2. Iran
3. Saudi Arabia
4. Indonesia
5. Ethiopia
6. UAE

Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 only
B. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 only
C. 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 only
D. 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 only

Answer: A. 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 only

Explanation:
At the 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan, Russia, BRICS expanded its membership to include Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, and the UAE. Indonesia is not a part of the BRICS group, making option A the correct answer.

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Question 2: Which of the following factors have contributed to the improved conviction rate in Assam from 2021 to 2024?

1. Filling vacancies in key positions like ASP/DSP
2. Adoption of best practices from federal investigative agencies
3. Increased focus on resolving pending cases
4. Higher rates of recruitment into the Indian Police Service (IPS)

Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1, 2, and 3 only
C. 2, 3, and 4 only
D. 1, 3, and 4 only

Answer: B. 1, 2, and 3 only

Explanation:
The improvement in Assam’s conviction rate is attributed to several measures, including filling vacancies in key law enforcement positions (ASP/DSP), adopting best practices from federal agencies like the CBI and NIA, and focusing on the disposal of pending cases. While recruitment into the IPS is beneficial, it was not specifically highlighted as a key factor in the recent improvement in conviction rates. Thus, option B is correct.

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Question 3: Consider the following statements regarding the Environment Protection Act, 1986:

1. It provides the legal framework for regulating pollution and protecting environmental quality in India.
2. Recent amendments to Section 15(c) have strengthened the enforcement mechanisms for violations.
3. The Act was enacted under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1 and 3 only

Answer: A. 1 only

Explanation:
The Environment Protection Act, 1986, provides the legal framework for regulating pollution and protecting the environment in India, making Statement 1 correct. However, recent amendments to Section 15(c) have been criticized for diluting the enforcement mechanisms rather than strengthening them, making Statement 2 incorrect. The Act is not directly enacted under Article 21, although Article 21 guarantees the right to a clean environment as a part of the right to life. Thus, Statement 3 is incorrect, making option A correct.

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Question 4: Which of the following is a primary objective of Assam Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation (AIIDC) in offering long-term leases for industrial sheds?
A. Encouraging foreign direct investment in Assam’s tourism sector
B. Promoting small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in manufacturing and agro-processing
C. Developing luxury residential complexes in urban areas
D. Boosting the IT industry in Assam by establishing technology parks

Answer: B. Promoting small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in manufacturing and agro-processing

Explanation:
The AIIDC’s initiative to lease industrial sheds is aimed at fostering local industrial growth by promoting SMEs, especially in sectors like manufacturing and agro-processing. This is part of Assam’s broader strategy for economic development and job creation. Options A, C, and D do not align with the primary objective of the AIIDC’s recent bid announcement, making option B correct.

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Question 5: Which of the following is true regarding the Supreme Court’s recent observations on environmental protection?

1. It emphasized the fundamental right to a pollution-free environment under Article 21.
2. It lauded the amendments to the Environment Protection Act for stricter enforcement of penalties.
3. It urged the central government to expedite the appointment of adjudicating officers for effective enforcement.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, and 3

Answer: C. 1 and 3 only

Explanation:
The Supreme Court emphasized that the right to a clean environment is part of the fundamental right to life under Article 21, making Statement 1 correct. It criticized, rather than praised, the recent amendments to the Environment Protection Act, pointing out that they had made enforcement “toothless,” making Statement 2 incorrect. The court also called for the speedy appointment of adjudicating officers to ensure proper enforcement of environmental regulations, making Statement 3 correct. Thus, option C is the right answer.

APSC Mains Practice Question

Question: “The shift in focus from militancy to improving criminal investigations by Assam Police reflects a significant change in the law and order scenario of the state. Discuss the challenges and opportunities this shift presents, along with measures needed to sustain the improvement.” (250 words)

Model Answer: Introduction:
The decline in militancy in Assam has allowed the Assam Police to concentrate on improving criminal investigations and increasing conviction rates. This shift is essential for enhancing the rule of law and ensuring justice in a state that has historically faced security challenges.

Body:
Opportunities:

• Strengthening Rule of Law: With the focus shifting to conventional crime, the police can work towards maintaining social order and reducing crime rates.
• Improved Conviction Rates: Increased emphasis on investigation quality has led to a rise in conviction rates, enhancing the credibility of the judicial process.
• Economic Growth: A secure environment boosts investor confidence, contributing to regional economic development.
• Adoption of Best Practices: Incorporating practices from federal agencies like CBI and NIA can improve investigation standards.
• Community Policing: Focus on conventional crimes allows better community engagement and trust-building.

Challenges:

• Resource Constraints: Despite improvements, the police face limitations in infrastructure, forensic facilities, and technology.
• Backlog of Cases: Delays in the judicial process contribute to a large backlog of cases, affecting the timely delivery of justice.
• Need for Specialized Training: Addressing emerging crimes like cybercrime requires specialized skills and training.
• Political Pressures: Sensitive cases may face interference, impacting the objectivity of investigations.
• Public Distrust: Historical mistrust of law enforcement in some regions can hinder effective policing.

Measures for Sustained Improvement:

• Investment in Modernization: Upgrading forensic labs, digital investigation tools, and infrastructure.
• Capacity Building: Regular training programs for investigation officers to keep up with new crime trends.
• Judicial Collaboration: Faster coordination between police and judiciary to reduce pendency.
• Public Awareness: Campaigns to enhance community cooperation and trust in the police.
• Transparency and Accountability: Strengthening internal review mechanisms to ensure fair investigation practices.

Conclusion:
The Assam Police’s focus on criminal investigations marks a significant shift towards a stable law and order environment. By addressing the challenges through targeted reforms, the state can ensure long-term benefits, including economic development and social harmony.

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