APSC Current Affairs: Assam Tribune Notes with MCQs and Answer Writing (23/10/2024)

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, staying updated with current affairs is vital. This blog covers most important topics from the Assam Tribune today (23-10-2024). These issues are key for both APSC Prelims and Mains preparation, offering insights into the APSC CCE Syllabus.

1.  India-China Relations

Introduction:
India-China relations have a complex history characterized by cooperation in trade and multilateral forums alongside tensions over border disputes. Recent developments include talks between Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping on the sidelines of the BRICS summit.

Key Points:

• Discussions centered on easing border tensions in Eastern Ladakh and resuming patrols along the Line of Actual Control (LAC).
• Both nations emphasized the importance of restoring peace and stability in the region.
• The talks reflect India’s strategy of engaging with China while simultaneously strengthening ties with other powers like the USA and Japan.

Prelims Pointers:

• BRICS Summit: Forum for cooperation among Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
• LAC: The disputed boundary between India and China in the Himalayan region.
• Galwan Valley Clash: A significant confrontation between Indian and Chinese troops in 2020.

Mains Pointers:

1. Importance:
   • Stabilizes regional geopolitics and ensures peace in South Asia.
   • Enhances trade relations, helping balance trade deficits.
   • Enables collaboration on global issues like climate change.
   • Strengthens regional security dynamics, particularly in the Indo-Pacific.
   • Influences the strategic balance in multilateral forums like BRICS and SCO.
2. Challenges:
   • Ongoing border disputes, especially in Ladakh.
   • High levels of mistrust between the two countries.
   • China’s influence in South Asia through initiatives like BRI.
   • Economic dependency of India on Chinese imports.
   • Water-sharing issues due to China’s control over Tibet.
3. Way Ahead:
   • Implementing CBMs along the LAC.
   • Reducing dependency on Chinese imports.
   • Strengthening strategic partnerships with Quad members.
   • Enhancing people-to-people exchanges for long-term goodwill.
   • Using multilateral forums to address common global challenges.

Conclusion:
India-China relations are pivotal for regional stability. Strategic dialogue, coupled with prudent economic policies, is crucial for maintaining peace and fostering cooperation.

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2. National Highway Projects in Assam

Introduction:
Infrastructure development is key to economic growth in Assam and the Northeast. The Union Minister for Road Transport, Nitin Gadkari, recently reviewed the progress of National Highway projects in Assam to ensure timely completion.

Key Points:

• Focus on expediting 28 ongoing projects and 11 delayed ones under NHIDCL.
• Review of key projects like the Jorhat-Demow and Moran-Bogibeel stretches.
• Emphasis on safety measures like road signages to reduce accidents.
• Special attention to completing the Guwahati Ring Road and elevated corridor over Kaziranga National Park.

Prelims Pointers:

• NHIDCL: National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited.
• SARDP-NE: Special Accelerated Road Development Programme for North-East.
• Kaziranga National Park: A UNESCO World Heritage site in Assam.

Mains Pointers:

1. Importance:
   • Enhances connectivity in the Northeast, facilitating trade and mobility.
   • Boosts tourism, especially in ecologically sensitive zones like Kaziranga.
   • Supports local economies through better market access.
   • Improves national security by enhancing road infrastructure in border areas.
   • Contributes to regional integration with Southeast Asia through the Act East Policy.
2. Challenges:
   • Difficult terrain and weather conditions delay project completion.
   • Environmental concerns, especially in ecologically sensitive areas.
   • Coordination issues between Central and State governments.
   • Land acquisition hurdles and local opposition.
   • High maintenance costs due to frequent landslides and floods.
3. Way Ahead:
   • Implementing better project management practices to minimize delays.
   • Streamlining land acquisition processes with local stakeholders.
   • Enhancing environmental safeguards for projects near protected areas.
   • Developing alternate routes to ensure uninterrupted connectivity.
   • Utilizing advanced technology for monitoring and maintaining highway infrastructure.

Conclusion:
Accelerated infrastructure development in Assam is vital for the economic integration of the Northeast with the rest of India, improving trade, tourism, and strategic connectivity.

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3.  Human Trafficking Crackdown in Assam

Introduction:
Assam faces significant challenges with human trafficking, particularly of minors from vulnerable communities. A recent crackdown in Bihar led to the rescue of 10 minor girls trafficked from Assam.

Key Points:

• The girls, from minority and tribal communities, were rescued from exploitative conditions in Bihar.
• Traffickers lured victims with promises of employment but forced them into harsh conditions.
• The operation involved various NGOs and government agencies, highlighting the collaborative effort required to tackle human trafficking.

Prelims Pointers:

• Human Trafficking: The illegal trade of humans for forced labor, sexual slavery, or commercial exploitation.
• Mission Mukti Foundation: An NGO involved in rescuing trafficked individuals.
• Assam State Commission for Protection of Child Rights: Plays a crucial role in child welfare.

Mains Pointers:

1. Importance:
   • Protects human rights and ensures safety for vulnerable populations.
   • Enhances law enforcement credibility in tackling organized crime.
   • Highlights the role of inter-state and international cooperation.
   • Promotes child protection and welfare initiatives.
   • Strengthens community awareness and preventive measures.
2. Challenges:
   • Poverty and lack of education make children vulnerable to trafficking.
   • Insufficient coordination between states in tracking trafficking networks.
   • Limited rehabilitation facilities for rescued victims.
   • Cultural stigma and social barriers prevent victims from reintegration.
   • Corruption and gaps in law enforcement.
3. Way Ahead:
   • Strengthening community surveillance and awareness programs.
   • Better inter-state coordination for tracking and prosecuting traffickers.
   • Expanding rehabilitation and skill development programs for victims.
   • Enhancing cross-border cooperation to tackle trafficking networks.
   • Implementing stricter penalties for traffickers and ensuring quick judicial processes.

Conclusion:
Tackling human trafficking requires a holistic approach involving prevention, prosecution, and rehabilitation, with active participation from communities, NGOs, and law enforcement.

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4.  Cyclone Dana and Disaster Management

Introduction:
Cyclone Dana is expected to impact parts of Odisha and West Bengal, prompting preparations by the state governments and the Indian Coast Guard. The cyclone highlights the need for effective disaster management strategies.

Key Points:

• Odisha and West Bengal have begun evacuating people and setting up relief shelters.
• The cyclone is expected to bring heavy rainfall and wind speeds up to 120 kmph.
• The Indian Coast Guard is on high alert for rescue and relief operations.

Prelims Pointers:

• IMD: Indian Meteorological Department, responsible for cyclone forecasts.
• Cyclone Shelters: Designated safe spaces for evacuees during cyclones.
• Disaster Management Act, 2005: Provides a framework for disaster preparedness and response.

Mains Pointers:

1. Importance:
   • Reduces loss of life and property during natural disasters.
   • Strengthens resilience in vulnerable coastal regions.
   • Promotes community awareness about disaster preparedness.
   • Supports economic recovery post-disaster through effective relief measures.
   • Enhances coordination between various government agencies for swift response.
2. Challenges:
   • Rapid urbanization in coastal areas increases vulnerability.
   • Insufficient infrastructure in remote regions for effective evacuation.
   • Climate change increases the frequency and severity of cyclones.
   • Coordination gaps between state and central agencies.
   • Limited awareness among communities about safety protocols.
3. Way Ahead:
   • Strengthening early warning systems for timely evacuations.
   • Building more cyclone shelters in vulnerable coastal areas.
   • Promoting climate-resilient infrastructure.
   • Enhancing training for disaster response teams.
   • Community-based disaster preparedness programs to raise awareness.

Conclusion:
Effective disaster management, as seen in the response to Cyclone Dana, is essential for safeguarding lives and reducing economic losses. Continuous improvement in infrastructure and community engagement is key.

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5. Governance and Law Enforcement in Assam: Police Encounters

Introduction:
The issue of police encounters in Assam has raised concerns about the balance between law enforcement and human rights. The Supreme Court’s recent observations on 171 police encounters highlight the need for transparency.

Key Points:

• The SC termed the matter “very serious” and requested details on the encounters from May 2021 to August 2022.
• Concerns about compliance with SC guidelines on handling police encounters.
• The NHRC and Assam Human Rights Commission’s role was questioned for not being proactive.

Prelims Pointers:

• NHRC: National Human Rights Commission.
• UAPA: Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, often invoked in cases of anti-state activities.
• Public Interest Litigation (PIL): A legal mechanism for public grievances.

Mains Pointers:

1. Importance:
   • Ensures accountability in law enforcement.
   • Upholds human rights and justice.
   • Strengthens public trust in the police.
   • Provides clarity on the limits of state power.
   • Promotes a balanced approach to security and civil liberties.
2. Challenges:
   • Difficulty in balancing security needs with human rights.
   • Political interference in law enforcement operations.
   • Delays in judicial reviews of encounter cases.
   • Lack of independent investigations into encounter deaths.
   • Public perception of police impunity.
3. Way Ahead:
   • Implementing independent investigation mechanisms for encounter cases.
   • Training police personnel in human rights.
   • Regular audits of police operations and transparency reports.
   • Strengthening the role of NHRC and state commissions.
   • Encouraging community policing to improve police-public relations.

Conclusion:
The issue of police encounters is a delicate balance between maintaining law and order and respecting civil liberties. Judicial oversight and transparent investigations are crucial for accountability.

APSC Prelims Practice Questions

Topic 1: India-China Relations

Which of the following statements regarding the recent talks between India and China is/are correct?

1. The discussions primarily focused on military cooperation in the region.
2. Both leaders emphasized the importance of restoring peace and stability along the Line of Actual Control (LAC).
3. The talks reflect India’s strategy of engaging with China while strengthening ties with other global powers.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Answer: B) 2 and 3 only

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The discussions were not centered on military cooperation; instead, they focused on easing border tensions and restoring peace.
• Statement 2 is correct. Both leaders did emphasize the need for peace and stability along the LAC.
• Statement 3 is correct. The talks reflect India’s broader strategy of engaging with China while strengthening ties with other nations like the USA and Japan.

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Topic 2: National Highway Projects in Assam

Which of the following statements regarding National Highway projects in Assam is/are correct?

1. The NHIDCL is responsible for implementing National Highway projects in Assam.
2. The focus is primarily on the completion of military logistics infrastructure.
3. Safety measures such as road signages are being emphasized to reduce accidents.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Answer: B) 1 and 3 only

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct. The National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (NHIDCL) is responsible for these projects.
• Statement 2 is incorrect. The focus is on enhancing connectivity and economic growth rather than solely on military logistics.
• Statement 3 is correct. There is an emphasis on implementing safety measures, including road signages, to reduce accidents.

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Topic 3: Human Trafficking Crackdown in Assam

Which of the following statements regarding the human trafficking crackdown in Assam is/are correct?

1. The operation primarily rescued minor girls trafficked from affluent backgrounds.
2. Traffickers lured victims with promises of employment but forced them into exploitative conditions.
3. NGOs and government agencies worked collaboratively in the operation.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

A) 1 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1 and 2 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Answer: B) 2 and 3 only

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The operation focused on rescuing minor girls from vulnerable communities, not affluent backgrounds.
• Statement 2 is correct. Traffickers did lure victims with promises of employment, which turned out to be false.
• Statement 3 is correct. The operation involved collaboration between various NGOs and government agencies.

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Topic 4: Cyclone Dana and Disaster Management

Which of the following statements regarding Cyclone Dana and disaster management measures is/are correct?

1. Evacuations and the establishment of relief shelters were not necessary as the cyclone was predicted to miss the region.
2. The Indian Coast Guard was on high alert for rescue and relief operations.
3. Community awareness about disaster preparedness is an essential part of disaster management.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

A) 1 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1 and 2 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Answer: B) 2 and 3 only

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is incorrect. Evacuations and relief shelters were implemented in anticipation of the cyclone.
• Statement 2 is correct. The Indian Coast Guard was indeed on high alert for rescue and relief operations.
• Statement 3 is correct. Promoting community awareness is crucial for effective disaster management.

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Topic 5: Governance and Law Enforcement in Assam: Police Encounters

Which of the following statements regarding police encounters in Assam is/are correct?

1. The Supreme Court has expressed concerns about compliance with guidelines concerning police encounters.
2. The NHRC has been proactive in addressing all cases of police encounters in Assam.
3. Judicial oversight is crucial for maintaining accountability in law enforcement practices.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Answer: C) 1 and 3 only

Explanation:

Statement 3 is correct. Judicial oversight is essential for ensuring accountability in law enforcement.

Statement 1 is correct. The Supreme Court has indeed raised concerns about police encounters and the adherence to guidelines.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The NHRC’s role has been questioned for not being proactive.

APSC Mains Practice Question

Question:

“India-China relations have a complex history characterized by cooperation and tensions. Discuss the significance of recent diplomatic engagements between India and China, particularly in the context of border tensions and regional stability. Additionally, analyze the challenges that India faces in its relationship with China and suggest measures that could be adopted to enhance bilateral ties.”

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Model Answer

Introduction:

India-China relations are pivotal to the geopolitical landscape of Asia and have historically oscillated between cooperation and conflict. Recent diplomatic engagements, particularly discussions between Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping during the BRICS summit, have aimed at easing border tensions and fostering stability in the region. This essay examines the significance of these engagements, the challenges faced, and potential measures to enhance bilateral relations.

Significance of Recent Diplomatic Engagements:

1. Easing Border Tensions: The talks focused on addressing the ongoing border disputes, particularly in Eastern Ladakh, where tensions have escalated due to military standoffs. By prioritizing dialogue, both nations aim to restore peace along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), which is crucial for regional stability.
2. Restoration of Peace and Stability: A stable India-China relationship is vital not only for the two countries but also for South Asia’s broader geopolitical dynamics. Restoring peace allows for economic cooperation and helps mitigate the risk of military confrontations that could have dire consequences.
3. Engagement with Other Global Powers: The diplomatic talks reflect India’s strategy of balancing its relationship with China while simultaneously strengthening ties with other nations, such as the USA and Japan. This multi-faceted approach enhances India’s strategic posture in the Indo-Pacific region, which is increasingly influenced by China’s assertiveness.

Challenges in India-China Relations:

1. Ongoing Border Disputes: The territorial disputes remain a significant challenge, with both nations holding firm to their respective claims. Historical grievances and differing perceptions of sovereignty complicate resolution efforts.
2. High Levels of Mistrust: The trust deficit between India and China is exacerbated by incidents like the Galwan Valley clash in 2020, which has fostered skepticism regarding intentions and actions on both sides.
3. China’s Influence in South Asia: China’s growing influence in South Asia through initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) poses strategic challenges for India. The economic dependencies and infrastructure investments made by China in neighboring countries create a complex geopolitical environment.
4. Economic Dependency: India’s significant economic reliance on Chinese imports raises concerns about national security and self-sufficiency. This dependency creates vulnerabilities that can be exploited in times of diplomatic friction.

Measures to Enhance Bilateral Ties:

1. Confidence-Building Measures (CBMs): Implementing CBMs along the LAC can help reduce tensions and promote military transparency. Regular communication between military officials and joint exercises can foster trust.
2. Strengthening Economic Cooperation: Enhancing trade relations can mitigate economic dependencies. India should diversify its supply chains and promote domestic manufacturing to reduce reliance on Chinese imports while exploring new avenues for trade with China.
3. Promoting People-to-People Exchanges: Encouraging cultural and educational exchanges can enhance mutual understanding and goodwill between the two nations. Initiatives that promote tourism, student exchanges, and joint academic programs can help build a more positive narrative.
4. Utilizing Multilateral Forums: India should actively engage in multilateral forums to address common global challenges, such as climate change and health crises, which require collaboration between both countries. This can create a platform for constructive dialogue and cooperation.

Conclusion:

India-China relations are crucial for regional stability and global peace. While recent diplomatic engagements mark a step towards easing tensions, significant challenges remain. By adopting a comprehensive strategy that includes confidence-building measures, economic cooperation, and increased people-to-people exchanges, India can foster a more constructive relationship with China. This balanced approach is essential for navigating the complexities of the geopolitical landscape in Asia.

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