APSC Current Affairs: Assam Tribune Notes with MCQs and Answer Writing (18/12/2024)
For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, staying updated with current affairs is vital. This blog covers most important topics from the Assam Tribune today (18-12-2024). These issues are key for both APSC Prelims and Mains preparation, offering insights into the APSC CCE Syllabus.
1. Gauhati High Court Quashes SOP Allowing Animal Fights
GS Paper 2: Governance, Constitution, and Ethics
GS Paper 3: Environment, Biodiversity, and Animal Welfare
Introduction
The Gauhati High Court recently struck down the Assam government’s Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) permitting buffalo and bulbul fights, citing violations of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, and the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. The verdict aligns with the Supreme Court judgment in the Animal Welfare Board of India vs A Nagaraja case (2014), reinforcing constitutional provisions for animal rights and non-violence.
Key Points
- SOP Details:
- Issued in December 2023, the SOP allowed regulated buffalo and bulbul fights during specific periods in January.
- Violated central laws and Supreme Court judgments, according to the petition by PETA India.
- Investigation Findings:
- Buffaloes were forced to fight through physical abuse, including beatings and nose-rope pulling.
- Bulbuls were starved, drugged, and provoked to fight over food, causing significant distress and injuries.
- Legal Standpoint:
- Activities breached Article 51A(g) of the Constitution, which mandates compassion for living creatures.
- Contravened the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, as bulbuls are listed under Schedule II.
- Court’s Observations:
- The SOP ignored ethical considerations and contradicted the Supreme Court’s ban on Jallikattu-like events.
- Highlighted the principle of non-violence (ahimsa) as integral to Indian tradition and legal framework.
Prelims Pointers
- Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960: Protects animals from unnecessary pain or suffering.
- Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Provides for the protection of wild animals, birds, and plants.
- Animal Welfare Board of India vs A Nagaraja case (2014): Landmark judgment banning bullfighting events like Jallikattu.
Mains Pointers
Importance of the Ruling:
- Protection of Biodiversity: Prevents cruelty to animals and conserves vulnerable species.
- Constitutional Compliance: Upholds Article 21 (Right to Life) for animals and strengthens enforcement of animal welfare laws.
- Cultural and Ethical Shift: Encourages humane treatment of animals, promoting compassion in societal practices.
Challenges in Enforcement:
- Cultural Resistance: Traditional practices like animal fights enjoy local support, making bans difficult to enforce.
- Monitoring Mechanisms: Lack of resources and trained personnel to prevent illegal activities.
- Economic Dependency: Livelihoods associated with such events face disruptions, requiring alternatives.
Government Initiatives:
- People for Animals (PFA): Central schemes to promote animal welfare awareness.
- Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB): Strengthens enforcement against illegal activities involving wildlife.
- Ahimsa Campaigns: Collaborative initiatives with NGOs to promote ethical treatment of animals.
Way Forward:
- Community Awareness: Educate locals on the legal and ethical aspects of animal welfare.
- Alternate Livelihoods: Provide economic support and alternatives for communities dependent on such practices.
- Strengthen Monitoring: Deploy technology like drones and CCTV to track and prevent illegal animal fights.
Conclusion
The Gauhati High Court’s decision is a significant step toward aligning cultural practices with constitutional values and animal welfare laws. Promoting compassion and sustainable coexistence with animals is essential to fostering an ethically responsible society.
2. Reviving Assam’s Handloom Industry Through Digital Platforms
GS Paper 3: Economy, Technology, and Cultural Heritage
Introduction
Assam’s handloom industry, known for its unique Muga silk, Eri silk, and cotton textiles, plays a vital role in preserving the state’s cultural identity and providing employment to rural communities. Recent efforts to digitize the handloom sector aim to enhance market access, boost artisans’ incomes, and ensure the survival of traditional crafts in the modern economy.
Key Points
- Handloom Industry in Assam:
- Employs over 11 lakh weavers, mostly women, across rural Assam.
- Known for its distinct Gamosa, Mekhela Chador, and Muga silk products.
- Struggling due to limited market reach, competition from machine-made textiles, and high raw material costs.
- Digital Transformation:
- Launch of e-commerce platforms dedicated to Assamese handloom products.
- Use of social media marketing to promote textiles globally.
- Introduction of QR codes on products to ensure authenticity and traceability.
- Government Interventions:
- Assam Handloom Policy, 2024: Focus on providing financial aid and skill training.
- Establishment of Common Facility Centers (CFCs) for weavers to access modern tools and technologies.
Prelims Pointers
- Muga Silk: Exclusive to Assam and protected under Geographical Indication (GI) status.
- Eri Silk: Also called Ahimsa Silk because no harm is caused to the silkworm during production.
- Sant Kabir Award: National recognition for excellence in handloom weaving.
Mains Pointers
Significance of Handloom Digitization
- Market Expansion:
- Digital platforms connect weavers directly with consumers, eliminating middlemen.
- Promotes Assamese handloom products globally, tapping into niche markets.
- Cultural Preservation:
- Revives traditional designs and weaving techniques, ensuring their survival in modern markets.
- Economic Empowerment:
- Increases earnings for rural artisans, especially women, fostering economic independence.
- Eco-Friendly Industry:
- Promotes sustainable practices as handloom products have a low environmental impact compared to synthetic textiles.
Challenges
- Digital Divide:
- Limited internet penetration and digital literacy among rural weavers hinder adoption.
- Raw Material Shortages:
- High costs of silk and cotton impact production and profitability.
- Global Competition:
- Machine-made and cheaper alternatives dominate markets, affecting demand for handmade products.
- Infrastructure Gaps:
- Lack of modern weaving tools and storage facilities reduces productivity.
Government and Private Initiatives
- India Handloom Brand (IHB):
- Certifies authentic handloom products, ensuring quality and fair pricing.
- Digital India Program:
- Promotes internet access and e-commerce adoption in rural areas.
- Startup Collaborations:
- Partnerships with start-ups to create online marketplaces and logistics solutions.
Way Forward
- Digital Skill Training:
- Conduct workshops to train weavers in online marketing and sales.
- Financial Support:
- Provide subsidies for raw materials and incentives for digitization.
- Cultural Branding:
- Develop Assam’s handloom as a global cultural brand through international exhibitions and campaigns.
- Infrastructure Development:
- Upgrade weaving centers with modern tools and technology to improve efficiency.
Conclusion
The digitization of Assam’s handloom industry offers a unique opportunity to blend tradition with technology. By addressing challenges and leveraging digital platforms, Assam can ensure the growth and global recognition of its rich handloom heritage while empowering rural artisans and preserving its cultural identity.
3. Assam to Receive 174 MW from Bhutan’s Hydropower Projects
GS Paper 2: International Relations, Energy Cooperation
GS Paper 3: Infrastructure and Renewable Energy
Introduction
Assam is poised to benefit significantly from the allocation of 174 MW of power from Bhutan’s hydropower projects. This step underscores the enduring cooperation between India and Bhutan in the energy sector, contributing to Assam’s energy security while promoting clean energy alternatives.
Key Points
- Hydropower Allocation:
- Assam will receive power from Bhutan’s key projects, including Punatsangchhu-I, Punatsangchhu-II, and Mangdechhu, with an aggregate capacity of 500 MW.
- Existing Contribution:
- Bhutan currently supplies 205 MW to Assam, with plans to scale up under the new agreement.
- Economic and Strategic Significance:
- Enhances Assam’s energy reliability and promotes industrial growth.
- Strengthens bilateral ties with Bhutan, leveraging renewable energy as a cornerstone.
- Integrated Check Post (ICP):
- The recently inaugurated Darranga ICP facilitates smoother energy trade and broader economic cooperation.
Prelims Pointers
- Mangdechhu Hydropower Project: Winner of the Brunel Medal for excellence in civil engineering.
- Integrated Check Post (ICP): Enhances cross-border trade and connectivity between Assam and Bhutan.
- Hydropower in Bhutan: Contributes 70% of Bhutan’s export revenue, with India being the largest partner.
Mains Pointers
Significance of the Initiative for Assam
- Energy Security:
- Fulfills growing power demand in urban and industrial sectors.
- Reduces reliance on coal-based energy, contributing to environmental goals.
- Economic Development:
- Provides reliable power for industries like tea, petroleum, and manufacturing in Assam.
- Boosts rural electrification and development.
- Regional Cooperation:
- Strengthens India-Bhutan ties, positioning Assam as a key beneficiary of hydropower diplomacy.
- Environmental Benefits:
- Promotes renewable energy sources, aligning with India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC).
Challenges and Constraints
- Seasonal Variability:
- Hydropower output fluctuates with monsoon patterns, affecting reliability.
- Transmission Infrastructure:
- Assam needs upgraded grids to handle increased power inflows.
- Geopolitical Risks:
- Cross-border energy trade is subject to geopolitical and climate uncertainties.
Government Initiatives
- Bilateral Agreements:
- India-Bhutan energy cooperation agreements ensure long-term power supply.
- North East Industrial Development Scheme (NEIDS):
- Encourages energy-based investments in Assam and the Northeast.
- National Electricity Policy (NEP):
- Focuses on clean energy transition and interstate electricity trading.
Way Forward
- Grid Modernization:
- Strengthen transmission networks to minimize energy losses and improve efficiency.
- Diversification:
- Explore hybrid models combining hydropower with solar or wind to reduce dependency on monsoons.
- Enhanced Cooperation:
- Strengthen partnerships with Bhutan for joint development of future hydropower projects.
Conclusion
The allocation of hydropower from Bhutan represents a significant milestone for Assam’s energy sector. By leveraging cross-border cooperation, Assam can achieve sustainable development while promoting regional stability and environmental conservation.
4. Addressing the Critical Status of Feral Horses in Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
GS Paper 3: Environment and Biodiversity
Introduction
The feral horses of Dibru-Saikhowa National Park (DSNP) in Assam, once a symbol of resilience, are now classified as critically endangered. The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has issued notices to the Centre and state government, demanding action to address their alarming population decline, caused by habitat degradation, flooding, and poaching.
Key Points
- Unique Population:
- Estimated at 79 individuals, the feral horse population is facing extinction.
- Origin traces back to horses abandoned by the British Army during World War II.
- Threats:
- Habitat Loss: Frequent flooding of DSNP and encroachment have reduced grazing areas.
- Climate Change: Increased riverbank erosion has destabilized their habitat.
- Human Activity: Illegal encroachments and occasional poaching.
- NGT’s Intervention:
- Suo moto case filed to preserve the horses, recognizing their ecological and cultural significance.
- Orders issued to prepare a conservation action plan.
Prelims Pointers
- Dibru-Saikhowa National Park: Located in Assam, part of the Eastern Himalayan biodiversity hotspot.
- Feral Horses: Wild horses that were once domesticated and later abandoned or escaped.
- NGT (National Green Tribunal): A specialized body for environmental adjudication.
Mains Pointers
Significance of Protecting Feral Horses
- Biodiversity Conservation:
- The feral horses play a critical role in maintaining the park’s ecological balance.
- Tourism Potential:
- Unique attraction for wildlife enthusiasts and ecotourism, contributing to local livelihoods.
- Cultural and Historical Value:
- A living remnant of Assam’s colonial history, symbolizing resilience.
Challenges in Conservation
- Flooding and Habitat Loss:
- DSNP faces recurrent flooding due to its location near the Brahmaputra River.
- Limited Conservation Measures:
- Lack of a specific action plan or dedicated funding for feral horse protection.
- Inadequate Research:
- Insufficient data on the feral horse population dynamics and habitat requirements.
Government and Institutional Initiatives
- Project for Habitat Restoration:
- Assam Forest Department has proposed afforestation drives to stabilize eroded banks.
- Community Involvement:
- Local participation in patrolling and monitoring under eco-development schemes.
- NGT Directives:
- Preparation of a management plan involving wildlife biologists and local authorities.
Way Forward
- Comprehensive Conservation Plan:
- Focus on habitat restoration, artificial grasslands, and seasonal fodder supply.
- Flood Mitigation Strategies:
- Construct elevated platforms to protect horses during floods.
- Community Awareness Programs:
- Engage local communities to reduce encroachments and foster stewardship.
- Research and Monitoring:
- Conduct detailed studies to understand ecological needs and threats.
Conclusion
The critical status of Dibru-Saikhowa’s feral horses demands urgent conservation efforts. By combining government initiatives, community participation, and scientific strategies, Assam can preserve this unique species while maintaining its ecological and cultural heritage.k its potential as a leader in high-value agriculture, contributing significantly to achieving SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).
APSC Prelims Practice Questions
1. Gauhati High Court Quashes SOP Allowing Animal Fights
Q1. The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, is primarily aimed at:
a) Regulating the use of animals in scientific research.
b) Preventing unnecessary pain or suffering to animals.
c) Banning all forms of animal-based cultural practices.
d) Promoting animal exports from India.
Answer: b) Preventing unnecessary pain or suffering to animals.
Explanation:
- The Act prohibits cruelty to animals and regulates their care, treatment, and use.
Q2. Which of the following provisions of the Indian Constitution deals with the protection of animals?
a) Article 14
b) Article 48A
c) Article 51A(g)
d) Both b and c
Answer: d) Both b and c
Explanation:
- Article 48A directs the state to protect and improve the environment, including wildlife. Article 51A(g) mandates compassion for living creatures as a fundamental duty.
Q3. Under which schedule of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, is the bulbul categorized?
a) Schedule I
b) Schedule II
c) Schedule IV
d) Schedule VI
Answer: b) Schedule II
Explanation:
- Bulbuls are protected under Schedule II, making their capture, hunting, or use for fights illegal.
2. Reviving Assam’s Handloom Industry Through Digital Platforms
Q4. Which of the following silk types is indigenous to Assam and protected under Geographical Indication (GI)?
a) Tussar Silk
b) Eri Silk
c) Muga Silk
d) Both b and c
Answer: d) Both b and c
Explanation:
- Assam is renowned for its Eri (Ahimsa silk) and Muga silk, both having GI tags.
Q5. The Sant Kabir Award is given for excellence in:
a) Traditional handloom weaving.
b) Organic farming techniques.
c) Artistic bamboo handicrafts.
d) Silk production.
Answer: a) Traditional handloom weaving.
Explanation:
- The Sant Kabir Award recognizes outstanding weavers preserving India’s handloom heritage.
Q6. Which state government policy is linked to the revival of traditional textiles and digital promotion?
a) Assam Textile Policy, 2019
b) Assam Handloom Policy, 2024
c) Northeast Weavers Empowerment Policy, 2022
d) Assam Weaver’s Development Scheme
Answer: b) Assam Handloom Policy, 2024
Explanation:
- The Assam Handloom Policy, 2024, focuses on financial aid, skill development, and digitization of handloom products.
3. Assam to Receive 174 MW from Bhutan’s Hydropower Projects
Q7. Which of the following hydropower projects in Bhutan contributes to Assam’s electricity supply?
a) Chhukha and Tala
b) Mangdechhu and Punatsangchhu
c) Punatsangchhu and Kurichu
d) Mangdechhu and Basochhu
Answer: b) Mangdechhu and Punatsangchhu
Explanation:
- Bhutan’s Mangdechhu and Punatsangchhu projects are key contributors to Assam’s renewable energy share.
Q8. Integrated Check Posts (ICPs) serve which of the following purposes?
- Facilitating cross-border trade.
- Strengthening border security.
- Promoting cultural exchange programs.
Select the correct code:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: a) 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
- ICPs are designed to facilitate trade and ensure security but are not intended for cultural exchanges.
Q9. Bhutan contributes nearly what percentage of its export revenue through hydropower trade?
a) 50%
b) 60%
c) 70%
d) 80%
Answer: c) 70%
Explanation:
- Hydropower accounts for 70% of Bhutan’s export earnings, with India being the largest importer.
4. Addressing the Critical Status of Feral Horses in Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
Q10. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park is located in which of the following districts of Assam?
a) Tinsukia and Dibrugarh
b) Jorhat and Sivasagar
c) Golaghat and Sonitpur
d) Dhemaji and Lakhimpur
Answer: a) Tinsukia and Dibrugarh
Explanation:
- Dibru-Saikhowa National Park spans Tinsukia and Dibrugarh districts in Assam.
Q11. Feral horses in Dibru-Saikhowa trace their origin to:
a) Wild horses native to the Brahmaputra plains.
b) Horses abandoned by the British Army during World War II.
c) Domesticated horses released during Ahom rule.
d) Captured animals from Myanmar.
Answer: b) Horses abandoned by the British Army during World War II.
Explanation:
- The feral horses were left behind by the British Army and have since adapted to the wild.
Q12. The National Green Tribunal (NGT) is tasked with:
a) Reviewing environmental disputes and conserving wildlife.
b) Providing disaster relief during environmental calamities.
c) Drafting India’s biodiversity action plans.
d) Conducting scientific studies on environmental changes.
Answer: a) Reviewing environmental disputes and conserving wildlife.
Explanation:
The NGT adjudicates cases related to environmental protection and conservation.
APSC Mains Practice Question
Q. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park’s feral horses face a critical threat due to habitat degradation, climate change, and human interventions. Discuss the ecological, cultural, and tourism significance of feral horses in Assam. Suggest measures to ensure their conservation while addressing the challenges they face. (15M)
Model Answer
Introduction
The feral horses of Dibru-Saikhowa National Park (DSNP) are a unique population in India, tracing their origins to World War II. However, these horses, classified as critically endangered, face challenges from habitat loss, frequent floods, and human encroachment, prompting the National Green Tribunal (NGT) to demand urgent conservation measures.
Significance of Feral Horses
- Ecological Importance:
- Contribute to the park’s biodiversity by maintaining grassland ecosystems through grazing.
- Act as prey species, supporting the food chain of carnivorous animals.
- Cultural Value:
- A living relic of Assam’s colonial history and a symbol of resilience in the face of natural challenges.
- Tourism Potential:
- Unique attraction for wildlife enthusiasts and ecotourism, boosting local livelihoods.
- Adds diversity to Assam’s tourism profile, complementing Kaziranga’s one-horned rhinoceroses and tea tourism.
Challenges in Conservation
- Habitat Degradation:
- Frequent flooding due to the Brahmaputra destroys grazing grounds and increases vulnerability.
- Climate Change:
- Erratic weather patterns and rising river levels exacerbate habitat loss.
- Encroachment and Poaching:
- Human settlements and illegal activities threaten their safety and habitat.
- Inadequate Research and Policy Support:
- Limited data on population dynamics and ecological needs hinder targeted conservation efforts.
Measures for Conservation
- Habitat Restoration:
- Reforest degraded areas and construct artificial grasslands for feeding.
- Develop elevated platforms to provide safe refuge during floods.
- Community Involvement:
- Engage local communities in conservation efforts through eco-development programs.
- Promote community-led monitoring to reduce encroachment and poaching.
- Scientific Research and Monitoring:
- Conduct comprehensive studies to assess the population’s health, reproductive patterns, and ecological role.
- Use GPS tracking to monitor movement and identify threats.
- Eco-Tourism Development:
- Create regulated eco-tourism packages to fund conservation efforts and benefit local communities.
- Policy and Legal Measures:
- Implement a dedicated Feral Horse Conservation Action Plan under the Assam Forest Department.
- Strengthen enforcement of wildlife protection laws to curb illegal activities.
Conclusion
The feral horses of Dibru-Saikhowa National Park symbolize both Assam’s biodiversity and cultural heritage. Their conservation demands a multi-pronged approach, integrating habitat restoration, community participation, and sustainable tourism. Protecting these horses will not only preserve a unique species but also enhance Assam’s ecological and cultural legacy.
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