APSC Current Affairs: Assam Tribune Notes with MCQs and Answer Writing (12/09/2025)
For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, staying updated with current affairs is vital. This blog covers most important topics from the Assam Tribune today (12-09-2025). These issues are key for both APSC Prelims and Mains preparation, offering insights into the APSC CCE Syllabus.
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🌳 Green Assam Mission – Climate Resilience & Afforestation Drive
📘 GS Paper III – Environment, Climate Change, Conservation
📘 GS Paper V – Assam-specific Ecology & Governance
🔹 Introduction
On 12 September 2025, the Chief Minister of Assam launched the ‘Green Assam Mission’, a flagship climate resilience programme focusing on afforestation, ecosystem restoration, and carbon neutrality goals. The initiative aligns with India’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement and Assam’s State Action Plan on Climate Change (SAPCC). It seeks to combine mass plantation drives, community participation, and technology-based monitoring to make Assam a leader in green governance in the Northeast.
🔑 Key Points
| Feature | Details |
| Objective | Enhance forest cover, mitigate climate change, and build eco-resilience in flood & erosion-prone Assam. |
| Target | Afforestation of 1.5 lakh hectares by 2030; annual plantation target of 15 crore saplings. |
| Priority Areas | Degraded forests, riverine belts, wetlands, urban green spaces, tea garden fringes. |
| Implementation | Assam Forest Department + local bodies + student & youth organizations. |
| Monitoring | Use of satellite imagery, GIS, and drone-based surveillance for plantation survival rates. |
| Community Role | Involvement of village panchayats, SHGs, and tea communities for plantation & care. |
| Funding | Mix of state budget, CAMPA funds, CSR contributions, and green climate finance. |
| Convergence | Linked to Jal Jeevan Mission (catchment protection), MGNREGA (wage-linked plantations). |
🧠 Prelims Pointers
India’s NDCs (Updated 2022): Reduce emissions intensity of GDP by 45% by 2030; create additional carbon sink of 2.5–3 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalent through afforestation.
CAMPA (Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act, 2016): Utilises funds from diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes.
Forest Cover in Assam (ISFR 2021): ~35% of geographical area, but facing degradation due to encroachment & jhum.
Assam SAPCC (2015–2020, extended): Focus areas – agriculture, forestry, water resources, energy, health.
India’s Green India Mission (2014): Target to increase forest/tree cover by 5 million ha.
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Importance of the Mission
Climate Resilience – Mitigates carbon emissions, addresses climate risks of floods & erosion.
Biodiversity Conservation – Protects habitats of rhinos, elephants, and migratory birds.
Livelihood Generation – Provides wage employment under MGNREGA and eco-tourism opportunities.
Water Security – Plantation in catchments helps recharge groundwater and regulate river flow.
Urban Green Spaces – Improves air quality and reduces heat-island effect in Guwahati, Dibrugarh, etc.
Cultural Integration – Encourages traditional tree plantation rituals like ‘Pothar Puja’.
B. Challenges
Survival Rate of Saplings – Past plantation drives suffered from poor maintenance.
Encroachment Pressure – Forest land under encroachment by settlements and agriculture.
Flood & Erosion Damage – Saplings often washed away in Brahmaputra floods.
Institutional Coordination – Multiple agencies (forest, panchayats, NGOs) lead to overlap.
Community Incentives – Lack of direct benefits discourages long-term care.
C. Government Initiatives in Context
National Afforestation Programme (NAP) – Promotes community-based forest regeneration.
Green India Mission (MoEFCC) – Enhances carbon sinks through forestry.
Assam Biodiversity Strategy & Action Plan – Conservation of state’s endemic species.
Amrit Brikshya Andolan (2023) – Assam’s earlier mass plantation drive involving citizens.
D. Way Forward
Strengthen Maintenance – Ensure sapling survival through community ownership models.
Disaster-Proof Plantations – Use flood-resistant native species in riverine belts.
Incentivize Communities – Agroforestry and benefit-sharing models to motivate villagers.
Technology Integration – Blockchain/GIS for tracking survival and carbon credits.
Green Economy Linkage – Connect plantations with carbon markets and CSR funds.
Education & Awareness – Involve schools and colleges as “green ambassadors.”
🧩 Conclusion
The ‘Green Assam Mission’ marks a proactive step toward climate adaptation and ecological restoration. By coupling mass afforestation with community involvement and technology, Assam can transform its vulnerability to floods and erosion into an opportunity for sustainable development and green leadership in the Northeast.
🇮🇳🤝🇯🇵 India–Japan Cooperation in Northeast India (Connectivity & Energy)
📘 GS Paper II – International Relations (India–Japan ties, Act East Policy)
📘 GS Paper III – Infrastructure, Energy, Economic Development
📘 GS Paper V – Assam-specific Connectivity & Development
🔹 Introduction
Japan has emerged as one of India’s most trusted development partners, particularly in the Northeast Region (NER). On 12 September 2025, new agreements were signed under the India–Japan Act East Forum, focusing on connectivity, renewable energy, and disaster-resilient infrastructure in Assam and neighboring states. The cooperation highlights Japan’s strategic interest in supporting India’s Act East Policy and ensuring regional stability in the Indo-Pacific.
🔑 Key Points
| Area | Details |
| Connectivity Projects | Upgradation of Guwahati–Silchar highway, bridges over Barak & Brahmaputra, modernisation of Guwahati airport cargo terminal. |
| Energy Cooperation | Investment in solar parks in Assam, micro-hydel projects in Arunachal–Assam border areas, efficiency upgrades in tea industry boilers. |
| Urban Infrastructure | Expansion of Guwahati metro feasibility study, solid waste management projects. |
| Disaster Resilience | Flood-proof bridges, river management systems with Japanese engineering expertise. |
| Funding Mechanism | Japanese Official Development Assistance (ODA) loans + collaboration with JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency). |
| Strategic Context | Complementary to India’s Act East Policy and Japan’s Free & Open Indo-Pacific Vision. |
🧠 Prelims Pointers
Act East Forum (2017) – Established to coordinate India–Japan cooperation in NER.
JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) – Major financier of NER roads, bridges, and power projects.
India–Japan Relations – Elevated to “Special Strategic and Global Partnership” in 2014.
Northeast Connectivity Corridors – Kaladan Multimodal Transit, India–Myanmar–Thailand Highway, Bangladesh–Bhutan–India–Nepal (BBIN) initiative.
Japan in NER – Assisted in Dhubri–Phulbari bridge (Meghalaya-Assam), Guwahati water supply, Northeast Road Network Connectivity Improvement Project.
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Importance of Japan’s Cooperation
Strategic Balancing – Counters China’s influence in the Northeast and Indo-Pacific.
Connectivity Boost – Enhances trade links between Assam, Bangladesh, and ASEAN.
Sustainable Energy – Promotes green energy transition in Assam’s industries.
Disaster Resilience – Leverages Japan’s expertise in earthquake- and flood-resistant infrastructure.
Local Economy – Supports Assam’s tea, agro, and tourism sectors by improving logistics and reducing costs.
B. Challenges
Security Concerns – Insurgency and ethnic tensions in some NER regions.
Geographical Difficulties – Hilly terrain, high rainfall, and riverine systems complicate project execution.
Bureaucratic Hurdles – Land acquisition, environmental clearance delays.
Debt Dependence – Heavy reliance on ODA loans may increase fiscal strain if not balanced.
Regional Diplomacy – Need to align with Bangladesh and Myanmar for trans-border projects.
C. Government Initiatives in Context
Act East Policy (2014) – Enhances connectivity of NER with ASEAN.
North East Special Infrastructure Development Scheme (NESIDS) – Funds infra gaps in NER.
PM Gati Shakti – Multimodal transport connectivity plan.
India–Japan Vision 2025 – Shared vision for Asia’s stability and prosperity.
Uttarakhand–Japan cooperation model – Similar disaster-resilient infrastructure partnership.
D. Way Forward
Accelerate Project Execution – Set up fast-track clearance for Indo-Japan projects.
Community Involvement – Ensure local employment in construction & maintenance.
Green Growth Linkage – Integrate solar, wind, and micro-hydel projects with rural electrification.
Cross-Border Integration – Expand Japan-supported corridors to Bangladesh ports (Chittagong, Mongla).
Triangular Cooperation – Explore India–Japan–Bangladesh or India–Japan–ASEAN projects.
Capacity Building – Train local engineers in Japanese disaster-resilient techniques.
🧩 Conclusion
India–Japan cooperation in the Northeast is a strategic convergence of development and diplomacy. For Assam, it means better connectivity, greener energy, and disaster-resilient infrastructure, positioning the state as a vital hub in India’s Act East Policy. Effective implementation, local participation, and cross-border synergy will determine whether this partnership becomes a model of sustainable regional development.
🍵 Assam Tea Industry – Wage Hike, Rising Costs & Export Competitiveness
📘 GS Paper III – Economy: Agriculture, Industry, Employment
📘 GS Paper V – Assam Economy & Agriculture
🔹 Introduction
Assam, producing over 50% of India’s tea, is the world’s largest black tea exporter. On 12 Sept 2025, the Assam Tribune highlighted concerns of the tea industry over wage hikes, rising input costs, and stagnant export prices, which threaten the profitability and sustainability of this traditional sector. While tea remains the backbone of Assam’s economy and employment, structural challenges call for reforms in productivity, diversification, and global competitiveness.
🔑 Key Points
| Aspect | Details |
| Wage Hike | Recent increase in daily wages for tea workers to ₹300+ has raised labour costs. |
| Production Costs | Fertiliser, fuel, and energy prices have surged, raising cost of cultivation and processing. |
| Export Market | Stiff competition from Kenya, Sri Lanka, Vietnam; stagnant international tea prices. |
| Domestic Demand | Rising consumption of packaged & branded teas but uneven demand for bulk tea. |
| Climate Impact | Erratic rainfall, droughts, and pests reducing yields. |
| Small Tea Growers | Account for ~50% of production in Assam; struggle with low bargaining power and price volatility. |
| Government Role | Tea Board reforms, subsidies, and export promotion schemes under discussion. |
🧠 Prelims Pointers
Assam Tea: Geographical Indication (GI) tag.
Major Tea Producing Districts: Dibrugarh, Tinsukia, Jorhat, Sivasagar, Golaghat, Sonitpur.
Tea Board of India: Statutory body under Ministry of Commerce & Industry.
Small Tea Growers (STGs): Produce ~50% of Assam’s tea, often supply to bought-leaf factories.
Major Export Destinations: Russia, Iran, UAE, UK, USA.
India’s Share in Global Exports: ~12% (Kenya ~20%).
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Importance of Tea Industry in Assam
Economic Backbone – Contributes ~17% to Assam’s GDP; key foreign exchange earner.
Employment – Provides direct livelihood to ~10 lakh workers, mostly women, plus indirect employment.
Cultural Identity – Assam tea is globally branded; vital to Assamese heritage.
Rural Development – STGs have transformed rural economies in Upper Assam.
Act East Potential – Tea trade can expand through Bangladesh & ASEAN corridors.
B. Challenges
Rising Costs vs Stagnant Prices – Wage hike + input costs not matched by higher tea auction prices.
Global Competition – Kenyan tea cheaper; Sri Lanka markets premium teas.
Climate Stress – Reduced productivity due to erratic monsoon, pests, soil degradation.
Small Grower Vulnerability – Dependence on middlemen; lack of branding.
Labour Welfare Gaps – Poor housing, healthcare, and nutrition in many estates despite Plantation Labour Act.
Market Saturation – Traditional export markets declining; need for new consumer bases.
C. Government Initiatives in Context
Tea Development & Promotion Scheme (2021–26) – Supports quality upgradation, market promotion, STG empowerment.
Amendments to Tea Act (2022) – Streamlined Tea Board functions.
Subsidies & Support – For mechanisation, irrigation, replanting of old bushes.
Export Promotion – India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF) campaigns abroad.
Minimum Support Price (MSP)-like demand – Ongoing debate for floor price to protect growers.
D. Way Forward
Productivity Boost – Scientific replanting of old bushes; integrated pest management.
Diversification – Specialty teas (green, organic, white, purple tea) to tap premium markets.
Support to Small Growers – Strengthen cooperatives, direct marketing channels, digital auctions.
Climate Adaptation – Promote climate-resilient varieties; research by Tocklai Tea Research Institute.
Labour Welfare – Improve health, housing, and education to ensure social sustainability.
Act East Market Expansion – Use India–Bangladesh–ASEAN routes for new export markets.
Value Addition – Promote packaging & branding in Assam itself rather than bulk exports.
🧩 Conclusion
The Assam tea industry stands at a critical juncture: while it remains a pillar of the state’s economy and identity, the triple challenge of rising costs, global competition, and climate change threatens its sustainability. By embracing innovation, diversification, and welfare reforms, Assam can retain its global leadership in tea and secure livelihoods for millions dependent on the sector.
🏥 Digital Health Mission in Assam – Expansion of ABDM
📘 GS Paper II – Governance, Health, Social Justice
📘 GS Paper III – Science & Tech (Digital Innovation in Health)
📘 GS Paper V – Assam-specific Health Initiatives
🔹 Introduction
On 12 September 2025, the Assam government announced the rollout of the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) across the state, aiming to create a unified digital health ecosystem. The initiative seeks to integrate electronic health records, telemedicine, and AI-driven health analytics, ensuring accessible, affordable, and accountable healthcare for the people of Assam, especially in rural and tea garden areas where health services remain inadequate.
🔑 Key Points
| Aspect | Details |
| Core Objective | Create a digital health ecosystem connecting patients, hospitals, diagnostics, insurance & pharmacies. |
| Unique Health ID (ABHA) | Each citizen to receive an Ayushman Bharat Health Account (ABHA) ID for medical records. |
| Implementation in Assam | Initially covering government hospitals in Guwahati, Dibrugarh, Jorhat, then phased expansion. |
| Technology Use | AI-based disease prediction, tele-consultation, e-prescriptions, health apps in Assamese & tribal languages. |
| Integration | Linked with existing schemes – PM-JAY (Ayushman Bharat health insurance), Assam Health Card Scheme, Mission Tejasvi (maternal care). |
| Special Focus | Outreach to tea garden workers, flood-prone villages, and char areas through mobile health units. |
| Funding | Joint Centre–State financing under ABDM + World Bank/ADB support. |
🧠 Prelims Pointers
Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) launched in 2021 by MoHFW.
ABHA Number: 14-digit health ID to link medical history digitally.
PM-JAY (Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana): Health insurance cover of ₹5 lakh per family/year.
eSanjeevani: National telemedicine service integrated into ABDM.
Digital India: Overarching umbrella program launched in 2015.
National Health Stack: Digital framework underpinning ABDM.
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Importance for Assam
Improved Access – Reduces geographical barriers in remote & riverine areas via telemedicine.
Health Equity – Ensures marginalised groups like tea garden workers and char dwellers receive care.
Efficiency & Transparency – Minimises duplication of tests, fraud in insurance claims.
Public Health Planning – Data analytics helps track disease patterns, epidemics, maternal & child health indicators.
Disaster Preparedness – Digitised records enable continuity of care during Assam’s floods and displacement.
B. Challenges
Digital Divide – Poor internet and electricity access in rural Assam.
Data Privacy Concerns – Risk of misuse of sensitive health data without robust safeguards.
Capacity Deficit – Shortage of digitally trained doctors, nurses, and health administrators.
Integration Hurdles – Linking private and public hospitals under one platform.
Trust Gap – Rural communities’ reluctance to adopt digital platforms.
C. Government Initiatives in Context
ABDM (2021) – National framework for digital health.
Assam Health Infrastructure Strengthening Mission – Upgradation of district hospitals.
Mission Tejasvi (Assam) – Focused on maternal and neonatal health.
eSanjeevani – Already used in Assam for tele-consultations during floods.
National Digital Health Blueprint (2019) – Foundation for ABDM.
D. Way Forward
Infrastructure First – Expand BharatNet fibre connectivity and solar-powered health kiosks in villages.
Data Protection Law – Ensure strong privacy framework under Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023.
Capacity Building – Train health workers & ASHAs in using digital health platforms.
Local Language Apps – Ensure Assamese & tribal language integration for inclusivity.
Public–Private Partnerships – Engage EdTech & MedTech startups for innovative solutions.
Community Awareness – Health literacy drives to build trust in digital health records.
🧩 Conclusion
The Digital Health Mission in Assam, under the ABDM framework, offers a transformative opportunity to bridge healthcare gaps in a geographically challenging state. By combining technology, inclusivity, and community participation, Assam can create a resilient and equitable digital health ecosystem, setting a model for other states in India’s Digital India journey. more accessible and equitable for all, especially the elderly.game-changer, integrating the region more closely with ASEAN through tourism-driven prosperity.
APSC Prelims Practice Questions
📝 Prelims Question Set (12 Sept 2025 Topics)
1. Green Assam Mission
Q1. With reference to the Green Assam Mission (2025), consider the following statements:
- It aims to afforest 1.5 lakh hectares in Assam by 2030.
- It is funded solely by the Compensatory Afforestation Fund (CAMPA).
- It uses satellite and drone-based monitoring for plantation survival.
Which of the above are correct?
a) 1 and 3 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 2 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
👉 Answer: (a)
Explanation: While CAMPA contributes, funding also includes state budget, CSR, and green climate finance.
Q2. “Green India Mission,” often compared with Assam’s Green Assam Mission, is one of the components of:
a) National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
b) National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)
c) National Electric Mobility Mission Plan
d) National Adaptation Fund on Climate Change
👉 Answer: (a)
2. India–Japan Cooperation in Northeast
Q3. Which of the following are examples of Japan-supported projects in Northeast India?
- Dhubri–Phulbari Bridge (Assam–Meghalaya)
- Guwahati Water Supply Project
- Kaladan Multi-modal Transit Project
- Northeast Road Network Connectivity Improvement Project
a) 1, 2 and 4 only
b) 1, 2 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 3 and 4 only
👉 Answer: (a)
Explanation: Kaladan is India–Myanmar project, not Japan-supported.
Q4. The India–Japan Act East Forum, often in news, was set up in:
a) 2014
b) 2015
c) 2017
d) 2019
👉 Answer: (c)
3. Assam Tea Industry Concerns
Q5. Consider the following statements regarding Assam’s tea industry:
- Assam produces more than half of India’s total tea output.
- Small Tea Growers (STGs) account for nearly 50% of Assam’s production.
- Kenya is India’s largest export destination for tea.
Which of the above are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
👉 Answer: (a)
Explanation: Russia, Iran, UAE, UK, USA are major importers of Assam tea—not Kenya.
Q6. “Tocklai Tea Research Institute” often in news for climate-resilient tea varieties is located in:
a) Dibrugarh
b) Jorhat
c) Tinsukia
d) Guwahati
👉 Answer: (b)
4. Digital Health Mission in Assam (ABDM expansion)
Q7. The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) provides for:
- Unique digital health ID for citizens (ABHA).
- Integration of health records across public and private facilities.
- eSanjeevani telemedicine services.
- Mandatory health insurance for all citizens.
a) 1, 2 and 3 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2, 3 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
👉 Answer: (a)
Explanation: ABDM does not mandate universal health insurance; that’s PM-JAY’s role.
Q8. “National Digital Health Blueprint (NDHB)” of 2019 is associated with:
a) Creating a unified digital health ecosystem for India.
b) Developing India’s first AI-driven epidemic forecasting system.
c) Linking health insurance with Aadhaar.
d) Setting up biotech parks in rural areas.
👉 Answer: (a)
5. Flood-hit Barak Valley & NDRF Aid
Q9. With reference to disaster funding in India, consider the following:
- SDRF is shared between Centre and State in a 75:25 ratio for Assam.
- NDRF can be accessed when a disaster is beyond the coping capacity of the state.
- SDRF is constituted under the Environment Protection Act, 1986.
Which of the above are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
👉 Answer: (a)
Explanation: SDRF is under the Disaster Management Act, 2005, not EPA 1986.
Q10. The Barak River flows through which of the following states before entering Bangladesh?
- Assam
- Mizoram
- Nagaland
- Manipur
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1, 2 and 4 only
c) 1, 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
👉 Answer: (b)
Explanation: Barak flows through Mizoram, Manipur, and Assam before entering Bangladesh; not Nagaland.
APSC Mains Practice Question
📝 Model Answer
Q. “The recently launched ‘Green Assam Mission’ seeks to combine climate resilience with inclusive development. Critically evaluate its significance and challenges in the context of Assam’s ecological and socio-economic vulnerabilities.”
(GS Paper III – Environment & Climate Change | GS Paper V – Assam)
🔹 Introduction
Assam, with over 35% forest cover (ISFR 2021), faces severe ecological stress from floods, erosion, and deforestation. On 12 Sept 2025, the state government launched the ‘Green Assam Mission’ with a target to afforest 1.5 lakh hectares by 2030, focusing on degraded forests, riverine belts, and urban green zones. The initiative blends climate action with community participation, positioning Assam as a frontrunner in India’s green governance.
🔹 Significance
- Climate Resilience – Contributes to India’s NDC goal of creating 2.5–3 billion tonnes carbon sink by 2030.
- Biodiversity Conservation – Protects habitats of rhinos, elephants, and migratory birds in fragile ecosystems.
- Flood Mitigation – Riverbank plantations reduce soil erosion and regulate water flow.
- Livelihood Opportunities – Generates rural employment via MGNREGA-linked plantations and eco-tourism.
- Urban Sustainability – Enhances air quality and mitigates urban heat island effect in cities like Guwahati.
- Cultural Linkages – Reinforces community traditions of tree planting such as “Pothar Puja.”
🔹 Challenges
- Low Sapling Survival – Past plantation drives reported <40% survival due to poor maintenance.
- Encroachment & Land Pressure – Illegal settlements and agricultural expansion on forest land.
- Flood & Climate Damage – Saplings often washed away during annual Brahmaputra floods.
- Institutional Overlaps – Lack of coordination among forest dept, panchayats, NGOs.
- Community Incentives – Without tangible benefits, people may not sustain plantations.
- Monitoring Issues – Technology exists (satellite, drones) but effective use is limited.
🔹 Government Initiatives in Context
- National Mission for Green India (2014) – Increase forest/tree cover by 5 million ha.
- CAMPA (2016) – Compensatory afforestation fund utilised for plantations.
- Assam Amrit Brikshya Andolan (2023) – Massive plantation drive with citizen participation.
- State Action Plan on Climate Change (SAPCC) – Forestry, water, and agriculture as priority sectors.
🔹 Way Forward
- Maintenance & Monitoring – Use community-based forest committees with performance-linked incentives.
- Climate-Smart Species – Focus on native, flood-resistant species instead of monoculture plantations.
- Agroforestry Integration – Link tree plantations with income crops like bamboo, cane, and medicinal plants.
- Carbon Credit Markets – Leverage global climate finance by registering Assam’s plantations.
- Education & Awareness – School-based green clubs to ensure long-term ownership.
- Disaster-Proof Planning – Elevate plantation areas in flood-prone zones with bioengineering.
🔹 Conclusion
The Green Assam Mission represents a bold step to align environmental sustainability with socio-economic development. Yet, its success hinges on sapling survival, community participation, and climate adaptation measures. If executed with accountability and innovation, Assam can transform ecological vulnerability into an opportunity for resilient and inclusive green growth, becoming a model for other states in India’s climate journey.curring calamity into a manageable ecological phenomenon. This will align with both the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and Assam’s Vision 2030 for sustainable development.
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