APSC Current Affairs: Assam Tribune Notes with MCQs and Answer Writing (09/10/2025)

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, staying updated with current affairs is vital. This blog covers most important topics from the Assam Tribune today (09-10-2025). These issues are key for both APSC Prelims and Mains preparation, offering insights into the APSC CCE Syllabus.

✨ APSC CCE Online Coaching, 2026

Topic 1 :🌊 India–Bangladesh River Water Talks: Teesta & Feni Revival

📘 GS Paper II – International Relations | India & Neighbourhood | Water Diplomacy
📘 GS Paper III – Environment & Geography (Water Resources)
📘 GS Paper V – Assam & North East Issues: Transboundary Rivers and Regional Development

🔹 Introduction

In October 2025, India and Bangladesh resumed high-level discussions in Dhaka on sharing the Teesta and Feni river waters, with special focus on river basin management and ecological restoration. This marks a crucial step after years of stagnation in water diplomacy, particularly for Assam and other Northeast states that depend on these transboundary river systems for agriculture, flood moderation, and livelihoods.

The meeting, involving officials from the Ministry of Jal Shakti (India) and the Bangladesh Ministry of Water Resources, signifies an effort to strengthen hydro-diplomatic trust between the two neighbours under the broader Joint Rivers Commission (JRC) framework.

🔑 Key Points

Aspect	Details
Meeting Venue	Dhaka; virtual participation from Guwahati & Kolkata
Participating Bodies	India’s Ministry of Jal Shakti, Bangladesh’s Ministry of Water Resources, Joint Rivers Commission (JRC)
Rivers Discussed	Teesta, Feni, Manu, and Dharla
Focus Areas	Water-sharing framework, silt management, flood data exchange, basin-level cooperation
New Initiative	Proposal for a Joint Teesta Basin Management Authority for integrated hydrological monitoring
Significance for Assam	Regulates downstream flooding, irrigation stability, and ecological health of Barak–Brahmaputra basin
Proposed Collaboration	World Bank-backed project on climate-resilient river basin planning

🧠 Prelims Pointers

• Teesta River
  • Origin: Pauhunri Glacier, Sikkim; flows through West Bengal into Bangladesh.
  • Tributary of: Brahmaputra River (joins Jamuna in Bangladesh).
  • Issue: India–Bangladesh water sharing treaty pending since 2011 due to inter-state concerns (West Bengal).
• Feni River
  • Origin: Tripura hills; flows into Bangladesh and the Bay of Bengal.
  • 2019: India granted Bangladesh access to draw 1.82 cusecs of water for Sabroom water supply.
• Joint Rivers Commission (JRC):
  • Established in 1972 for cooperation on 54 shared rivers.
  • Functions under the 1996 Ganga Water Treaty framework.
• Relevant Treaties:
  • 1996 Ganga Treaty (Farakka Barrage sharing).
  • 1972 Indo–Bangla Friendship Treaty (basis for water dialogue).

📝 Mains Pointers

A. Importance of River Cooperation

1. Hydro-Diplomatic Trust: Strengthens bilateral ties beyond trade and security.
2. Flood & Drought Mitigation: Joint basin planning minimizes monsoon extremes.
3. Agricultural Benefits: Facilitates irrigation projects in North Bengal and southern Assam.
4. Ecological Restoration: Focus on sediment management, riverbank stabilization, and biodiversity.
5. Strategic Relevance: Counters China’s upstream hydro-project influence on Brahmaputra basin.

B. Key Challenges

Challenge	Description
Federal Coordination	West Bengal’s opposition has delayed Teesta agreement.
Seasonal Variability	Teesta’s flow reduces drastically in dry months (Dec–March).
Data Transparency	Need for real-time data sharing on floods and water discharge.
Climate Impact	Glacier retreat in Sikkim Himalaya affects flow stability.
Sedimentation & Encroachment	River course alteration affects both agriculture and navigation.

C. Recent & Ongoing Initiatives

• Teesta River Comprehensive Management Project (Proposed, 2025): India–Bangladesh joint basin restoration plan under World Bank.
• BBIN Connectivity Framework: Integration of waterways and river ports (Dhaka–Karimganj–Silchar route).
• Joint Expert Committee on Data Exchange: Set up to share hydrological information during floods.
• Act East & Neighbourhood First Policies: Use of river diplomacy to strengthen subregional integration.

D. Way Forward

1. Teesta Basin Authority: Institutionalize a cooperative mechanism with equitable flow allocation.
2. Scientific Water Accounting: Deploy satellite-based monitoring for real-time discharge assessment.
3. Eco-Restoration Zones: Implement green buffers and riverbank afforestation.
4. Local Stakeholder Inclusion: Engage Assam & North Bengal communities in decision-making.
5. Linking with BIMSTEC Water Council: Broaden cooperation to regional hydrology and resilience.

🧩 Conclusion

The revival of Teesta and Feni water talks offers an opportunity to transform India–Bangladesh ties into a model of hydro-diplomacy and ecological partnership. For Assam and the Northeast, it promises not only flood moderation and agricultural security but also a framework for regional environmental cooperation essential to sustainable development in the Brahmaputra–Ganga–Meghna basin.

Topic 2 : 🌾 “Harit Krishi Abhiyan” – Assam’s Climate-Resilient Agriculture Mission

📘 GS Paper II – Government Policies & Schemes
📘 GS Paper III – Agriculture | Environment & Climate Change
📘 GS Paper V – Assam-specific: Agriculture & Sustainable Development

🔹 Introduction

In October 2025, Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma launched the “Harit Krishi Abhiyan” (Green Agriculture Mission) — a flagship programme to make Assam’s agriculture climate-resilient, eco-friendly, and income-oriented.
The mission aims to reduce vulnerability of farmers to floods, droughts, and erratic monsoon patterns, while promoting sustainable practices such as organic farming, integrated farming systems, and carbon-smart technologies.

This aligns with India’s broader goals under the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) and India’s updated NDC targets (2022) under the Paris Agreement.

🔑 Key Points

Aspect	Details
Scheme Name	Harit Krishi Abhiyan (Green Agriculture Mission)
Launched by	Govt. of Assam, Department of Agriculture
Date of Launch	8 October 2025
Coverage Target	10 lakh farmers across 25 flood-prone and 8 hill districts
Objectives	1. Promote climate-smart and eco-friendly agriculture 2. Enhance soil and water conservation 3. Increase crop diversification & productivity 4. Integrate renewable energy in agri-practices
Major Components	– Climate-smart seed banks (drought & flood-tolerant varieties) – Solar pump subsidy (up to 70%) – Training on carbon farming & organic composting – Digital advisory app: “Krishi Seva Assam”
Funding Pattern	₹2,200 crore (60% state, 40% central through NMSA & NABARD)
Nodal Department	Assam Agriculture Department in collaboration with Assam State Climate Change Cell

🧠 Prelims Pointers

• National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA): One of the eight missions under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC, 2008).
• Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY): Promotes organic cluster farming; Assam has over 65,000 ha under PKVY.
• Agro-Climatic Zones of Assam: Brahmaputra Valley, Barak Valley, Hill Zone (Karbi Anglong, NC Hills).
• Major Climate-Resilient Crops: Sali rice, bao rice, pulses, mustard, jute, and ginger (for hilly terrain).
• State Data (2025): 70% of Assam’s population depends on agriculture; ~12 lakh ha face annual flood impacts.

📝 Mains Pointers

A. Significance of the Initiative

1. Climate Resilience: Builds adaptation capacity against floods, droughts, and changing rainfall patterns.
2. Soil Health & Water Security: Promotes organic manures, cover crops, and micro-irrigation.
3. Sustainable Livelihoods: Encourages mixed farming (crop–livestock–fishery integration).
4. Carbon-Neutral Growth: Introduces low-emission farm practices and renewable energy.
5. Digital Empowerment: Real-time weather, pest, and price alerts through AI-based mobile app.

B. Challenges

Challenge	Explanation
Fragmented Land Holdings	Average size: <1 ha; limits mechanization and technology adoption.
Frequent Flooding & Siltation	Causes recurrent crop loss and soil fertility depletion.
Input Constraints	Lack of access to organic inputs, solar pumps, and extension support.
Market Linkages	Weak post-harvest and cold-chain infrastructure.
Awareness Gaps	Farmers need capacity building for climate-smart practices.

C. Government & Institutional Support

• Assam Climate Action Plan (2023–2030): Targets carbon-neutral agriculture and 25% organic area.
• Assam Agribusiness & Rural Transformation Project (APART): World Bank-assisted for agri-value chains.
• Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs): Providing training on flood-resilient crop varieties (e.g., Ranjit Sub-1, Bahadur).
• Assam Solar Agri Pump Yojana (ASAPY): Promotes decentralized renewable energy use.
• Collaboration with NABARD: For micro-irrigation and watershed development.

D. Way Forward

1. Agro-Ecological Zoning: Develop district-wise climate-risk maps for targeted intervention.
2. Scaling Up Green Financing: Introduce “Green Credit” incentives for carbon farming and afforestation.
3. Agri-Tech Platforms: Use AI and IoT for weather prediction, crop insurance, and soil moisture mapping.
4. Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs): Strengthen collective marketing and risk-sharing models.
5. Policy Convergence: Align with PM-KUSUM, PKVY, and Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment).

🧩 Conclusion

The Harit Krishi Abhiyan is a timely intervention in Assam’s flood-prone agrarian ecosystem. By integrating climate science, technology, and traditional knowledge, it not only safeguards farmer incomes but also contributes to Assam’s long-term ecological sustainability and India’s broader net-zero goals by 2070.

Topic 3 : 🦏🌾 Kaziranga Floodplain Restoration – World Bank’s Ecosystem Recovery Project

📘 GS Paper III – Environment | Biodiversity | Disaster Management
📘 GS Paper V – Assam-specific: Ecology, Floods, and Climate Resilience

🔹 Introduction

In October 2025, the Government of Assam, in partnership with the World Bank, initiated a large-scale Kaziranga Floodplain Ecosystem Recovery Project (KFERP).
This project aims to restore degraded floodplains of the Kaziranga–Brahmaputra landscape through riverbank stabilization, grassland regeneration, and habitat connectivity enhancement.

The initiative integrates ecological conservation with flood-risk mitigation — a model of nature-based solutions (NbS) to address recurring flood and erosion threats in Assam.

🔑 Key Points

Aspect	Details
Project Name	Kaziranga Floodplain Ecosystem Recovery Project (KFERP)
Implementing Agency	Assam Forest & Environment Department in collaboration with the World Bank and the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
Funding Pattern	₹1,200 crore (World Bank – 70%, State – 30%)
Project Duration	2025–2032
Geographical Coverage	Kaziranga National Park & Tiger Reserve (KNPTR) and adjoining Brahmaputra floodplains in Golaghat, Nagaon, and Biswanath districts
Objectives	1. Rejuvenate degraded floodplains 2. Reconnect wildlife corridors 3. Stabilize riverbanks with vegetation 4. Build community resilience to floods
Innovative Features	– Geo-fabric embankments using bamboo matting – Native grassland restoration (elephant grass, vetiver) – Community-managed bio-shields and wetlands – AI-based hydrological monitoring & flood early-warning systems

🧠 Prelims Pointers

• Kaziranga National Park:
  • UNESCO World Heritage Site (since 1985).
  • Home to ~2,800 one-horned rhinos (2024 census).
  • Situated along the southern bank of Brahmaputra River.
• Floodplain Ecosystem:
  • Dynamic low-lying area adjacent to rivers, periodically inundated by floods.
  • Supports rich biodiversity and soil fertility.
• World Bank in Assam:
  • Supports projects like Assam Integrated River Basin Management Programme (AIRBMP) and APART (Agriculture).
• Nature-based Solutions (NbS):
  • Use of ecosystem processes to reduce disaster risks (as per UNEP and IUCN frameworks).

📝 Mains Pointers

A. Significance of the Project

1. Flood Mitigation: Natural floodplains act as sponges absorbing excess monsoon discharge.
2. Biodiversity Restoration: Revives grasslands and wetlands crucial for rhinos, elephants, and swamp deer.
3. Erosion Control: Bamboo and vetiver root systems stabilize embankments and reduce siltation.
4. Community Livelihoods: Promotes eco-fishing, sustainable reed collection, and eco-tourism.
5. Climate Resilience: Reduces flood vulnerability and enhances carbon sequestration through wetland vegetation.

B. Challenges

Challenge	Description
Encroachment & Illegal Settlements	Over 4,000 hectares of floodplain encroached around Kaziranga.
Siltation & Channel Shifts	Brahmaputra’s unstable flow causes habitat loss.
Balancing Tourism & Conservation	Risk of over-tourism affecting fragile ecosystems.
Coordination Issues	Multiple agencies—Forest, Water Resources, Revenue—need synchronized action.
Long-Term Maintenance	Ensuring community involvement after project funding ends.

C. Institutional & Policy Linkages

• World Bank’s Climate Adaptation & Resilience Program (CARE): Framework for flood mitigation and NbS projects.
• Assam State Action Plan on Climate Change (ASAPCC, 2023–2030): Prioritizes wetland and floodplain restoration.
• National Disaster Management Plan (2020): Endorses ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR).
• Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017: Legal backing for floodplain ecosystem protection.
• Project Rhino (Assam): Combines wildlife protection with habitat restoration.

D. Way Forward

1. Integrated Basin Approach: Synchronize floodplain management with Brahmaputra River Basin Authority (BRBA).
2. Community-Based Conservation: Create Eco-Resilience Committees (ERCs) involving local youth and women SHGs.
3. Green Infrastructure Integration: Use bioengineering and hydrological modelling for resilient embankments.
4. Financial Sustainability: Introduce Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) model to support local caretakers.
5. Monitoring & Research: Establish a dedicated Floodplain Research Centre within Kaziranga landscape.

🧩 Conclusion

The Kaziranga Floodplain Ecosystem Recovery Project represents a paradigm shift from reactive flood control to ecological resilience and adaptive management.
By restoring the natural rhythm of the Brahmaputra floodplains, Assam can secure both biodiversity conservation and community safety, positioning Kaziranga as a global model of nature-based disaster management.

Topic 4 : 🏥 AIIMS Guwahati Organ Transplant Registry – A Step Towards Integrated Health Infrastructure in Northeast India

📘 GS Paper II – Health | Governance | Institutional Frameworks
📘 GS Paper III – Science & Technology (Health Tech)
📘 GS Paper V – Assam-specific: Public Health & Regional Development

🔹 Introduction

In October 2025, the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Guwahati, announced the establishment of the Northeast Organ Transplant Registry (NEOTR) — the first integrated database of organ donors, recipients, and transplant facilities in the region.
The initiative seeks to strengthen cadaveric organ donation, promote transparency, and ensure equitable access to life-saving organ transplants across all eight Northeastern states.

This development aligns with the National Organ Transplant Programme (NOTP) under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, aimed at improving India’s transplant ecosystem and reducing dependence on private facilities.

🔑 Key Points

Aspect	Details
Institution	AIIMS Guwahati, under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW)
Registry Name	Northeast Organ Transplant Registry (NEOTR)
Coverage	Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh
Objective	Centralized data on organ donation and transplantation; ensure ethical allocation
Data Integration	Linked with the National Organ & Tissue Transplant Organization (NOTTO) and State Organ & Tissue Transplant Organization (SOTTO–Assam)
Features	– AI-based donor–recipient matching system – Real-time hospital dashboard – Interstate sharing of organs via digital platform
Pilot Phase	Liver and kidney transplants (pediatric and adult) at AIIMS Guwahati and GMCH
Funding Source	Central Government under the National Organ Transplant Programme (NOTP)
Expected Rollout	Full operational status by March 2026

🧠 Prelims Pointers

• NOTTO: National Organ & Tissue Transplant Organization – apex body under Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), New Delhi.
• SOTTO: State Organ & Tissue Transplant Organization – coordinates state-level organ retrieval and allocation.
• THOA, 1994 (Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act): Governs organ donation and transplantation ethics.
• AIIMS Guwahati: Operational since 2022; first AIIMS in the Northeast region.
• Green Corridor: A rapid logistics network established for organ transport between hospitals.
• National Organ Donation Day: Celebrated on 27 November every year in India.

📝 Mains Pointers

A. Significance of NE Organ Transplant Registry

1. Regional Equity: Brings transplant facilities closer to NE states, reducing dependence on metros like Chennai and Delhi.
2. Transparency: Ensures real-time allocation, reducing black-market risk and middlemen.
3. Data Integration: Provides robust regional statistics for policy and research.
4. Capacity Building: Trains local doctors and paramedics in organ retrieval and transplant ethics.
5. Public Awareness: Encourages voluntary cadaveric donation through sustained campaigns.

B. Challenges

Challenge	Description
Low Donation Rate: Cultural and religious hesitations about organ donation.
Infrastructure Gaps: Limited ICUs, retrieval teams, and transplant surgeons in smaller hospitals.
Coordination Deficits: Need for unified SOTTO centers across all NE states.
Logistical Barriers: Difficult terrain and poor air connectivity hinder organ transport.
Awareness & Trust Issues: Public mistrust in organ allocation systems.

C. Government & Institutional Measures

• National Organ Transplant Programme (NOTP): Financial assistance for hospitals to set up retrieval and storage units.
• e-Hospital Integration: Linking organ registry with Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) for unified health data.
• Regional SOTTO–Assam Hub: To coordinate retrieval centers at GMCH, Dibrugarh, and Silchar Medical Colleges.
• “Donate Life Northeast” Campaign: Joint initiative of AIIMS Guwahati and Rotary International for awareness.
• Green Corridor Coordination with AAI: Dedicated air transport routes for time-sensitive organ transfers.

D. Way Forward

1. Regional Training Hubs: Establish Organ Retrieval & Awareness Centres (ORACs) across major hospitals.
2. Digital Interoperability: Connect NEOTR with national and ASEAN donor registries for cross-border learning.
3. Public Campaigns: Use local languages and community leaders to promote donation ethics.
4. Infrastructure Strengthening: Upgrade ICUs and retrieval facilities in all state medical colleges.
5. Incentivize Donor Families: Introduce recognition awards and financial benefits for donor kin.

🧩 Conclusion

The AIIMS Guwahati Organ Transplant Registry is a milestone for the Northeast’s public health infrastructure.
It represents a transition from fragmented healthcare delivery to a data-driven, ethical, and equitable transplant ecosystem, ensuring that life-saving organs are available to patients based on need, not geography or privilege.

APSC Prelims Practice Questions

🟩 Topic 1 – India–Bangladesh River Water Talks (Teesta & Feni Revival)

Q1. With reference to the India–Bangladesh water-sharing negotiations, consider the following statements:

1. The Teesta River originates in the Eastern Himalayas and is a tributary of the Ganga.
2. The Feni River originates in the hills of Tripura and flows into the Bay of Bengal.
3. The Joint Rivers Commission (JRC) was established under the 1996 Ganga Treaty.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

A. 2 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3

✅ Answer: A
🔎 Explanation: Teesta is a tributary of the Brahmaputra, not the Ganga. The Feni River rises in Tripura and flows into Bangladesh. The Joint Rivers Commission (JRC) was set up in 1972, not under the 1996 treaty.

Q2. The proposed Teesta River Basin Management Authority (TRBMA) seeks to:

1. Promote flood and drought management across the Teesta basin.
2. Facilitate real-time hydrological data sharing between India and Bangladesh.
3. Manage transboundary navigation and river tourism exclusively.

Which of the statements are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 only
D. 1, 2 and 3

✅ Answer: A
🔎 Explanation: The TRBMA will focus on flood control, basin monitoring, and data exchange, not tourism management.

🟩 Topic 2 – “Harit Krishi Abhiyan”: Assam’s Climate-Resilient Agriculture Mission

Q3. Consider the following with reference to Assam’s Harit Krishi Abhiyan (2025):

1. It aims to promote climate-smart agriculture across flood-prone and hill districts.
2. It includes solar pump subsidies and organic input training for farmers.
3. It is entirely funded by the Government of India.

Which of the above statements are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 only
D. 1, 2 and 3

✅ Answer: A
🔎 Explanation: The scheme is jointly funded (60% State, 40% Centre). It focuses on climate-smart, eco-friendly agriculture.

Q4. Which of the following national missions serves as the umbrella framework for Assam’s Harit Krishi Abhiyan?

A. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)
B. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)
C. National Mission on Soil Health and Productivity
D. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY)

✅ Answer: A
🔎 Explanation: Assam’s Harit Krishi Abhiyan draws guidance and funding under the NMSA, one of the eight missions under NAPCC (2008).

🟩 Topic 3 – Kaziranga Floodplain Ecosystem Recovery Project (World Bank)

Q5. The Kaziranga Floodplain Ecosystem Recovery Project (KFERP) primarily aims to:

1. Stabilize riverbanks and restore degraded floodplains.
2. Promote geo-engineered embankments without vegetation cover.
3. Enhance habitat connectivity between Kaziranga, Karbi Anglong, and Orang.

Which of the above statements are correct?

A. 1 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 only
D. 1, 2 and 3

✅ Answer: B
🔎 Explanation: The project focuses on eco-restoration, not hard-engineering. It reconnects wildlife corridors across floodplains.

Q6. In the context of floodplain management, Nature-based Solutions (NbS) refer to:
A. Use of natural ecosystems and processes to reduce disaster risks and enhance resilience.
B. Replacement of wetlands by artificial dams.
C. Construction of concrete flood barriers for rapid drainage.
D. Mechanized dredging for channel stabilization.

✅ Answer: A
🔎 Explanation: NbS involve restoring wetlands, forests, and floodplains for natural flood mitigation and ecological balance.

🟩 Topic 4 – AIIMS Guwahati Organ Transplant Registry (NEOTR)

Q7. The Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act (THOA), 1994 provides for:

1. Regulation of organ donation and transplantation.
2. Establishment of national and state-level transplant organizations.
3. Compulsory organ donation after death for all citizens.

Which of the above are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3

✅ Answer: A
🔎 Explanation: THOA regulates donation and sets up NOTTO/SOTTO structures. Organ donation remains voluntary, not compulsory.

Q8. Which of the following statements about the Northeast Organ Transplant Registry (NEOTR) is/are correct?

1. It is headquartered at AIIMS Guwahati.
2. It is integrated with the National Organ & Tissue Transplant Organization (NOTTO).
3. It will initially cover only liver and kidney transplants in Assam.

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. 1 only

✅ Answer: C
🔎 Explanation: NEOTR, launched by AIIMS Guwahati, is linked to NOTTO and begins with liver and kidney transplants in its pilot phase.

APSC Mains Practice Question

 Q.“Restoring the Kaziranga Floodplain is essential not just for biodiversity conservation but for sustainable disaster resilience in Assam.” Discuss.

📘 GS Paper III – Environment, Biodiversity, and Disaster Management
📘 GS Paper V – Assam-specific Issues: Ecology, Floods & Climate Change

Introduction

Assam’s Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve (KNPTR), a UNESCO World Heritage Site, lies within one of India’s most dynamic floodplains — the Brahmaputra valley. Recurrent floods erode wildlife habitats and human settlements, but they also sustain ecological renewal.
The Kaziranga Floodplain Ecosystem Recovery Project (KFERP), launched in 2025 with World Bank assistance, aims to restore this balance through nature-based flood management, making it a model for climate resilience.

Body

1️⃣ Significance of Kaziranga Floodplain Restoration

Aspect	Significance
Ecological Renewal	Floodplains replenish grasslands, sustain wetlands, and support iconic fauna like the one-horned rhino and swamp deer.
Flood Moderation	Restored wetlands act as natural sponges, reducing downstream flood intensity.
Erosion Control	Vegetative stabilization (bamboo, vetiver grass) curbs soil loss along embankments.
Community Resilience	Promotes eco-fishing, organic farming, and eco-tourism for local livelihood diversification.
Climate Adaptation	Enhances carbon sequestration and biodiversity-based disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR).

2️⃣ Challenges in Implementation

Challenge	Description
Encroachments & Illegal Settlements	Over 4,000 hectares around Kaziranga occupied by agriculture or habitation.
Hydrological Uncertainty	Brahmaputra’s frequent course shifts and siltation hinder long-term restoration.
Institutional Overlaps	Forest, Water Resources, and Revenue departments lack synchronized coordination.
Tourism Pressure	Overcrowding in the park leads to waste generation and habitat stress.
Post-Project Sustainability	Risk of ecological degradation once external funding (e.g., World Bank) ends.

3️⃣ Government & Institutional Measures

• Kaziranga Landscape Management Plan (2022–2032): Integrates floodplain restoration, habitat corridors, and anti-poaching.
• World Bank’s Assam Integrated River Basin Management Programme (AIRBMP): Focus on eco-restoration and flood-resilient infrastructure.
• Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017: Legal mechanism for protecting floodplain wetlands.
• ASDMA Flood Early Warning System: AI-enabled hydrological alerts for riverine areas.
• Eco-Development Committees (EDCs): Local participation in restoration and conservation efforts.

4️⃣ Way Forward

1. Integrated Basin Management: Treat the Brahmaputra floodplain as one ecological unit connecting wildlife, water, and communities.
2. Green Infrastructure: Use bio-engineering for embankments instead of concrete flood control.
3. Community-Based Conservation: Strengthen EDCs and link them with Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes.
4. Sustainable Tourism: Cap safari entries; promote off-season eco-tourism and homestays.
5. Continuous Monitoring: Establish Kaziranga Floodplain Research Centre for real-time ecological assessments.

Conclusion

Restoring Kaziranga’s floodplain is not an act of resistance against nature but a return to its rhythm.
By blending scientific restoration, community participation, and green finance, Assam can transform recurrent floods from disasters into opportunities for ecosystem renewal and sustainable livelihoods — setting a benchmark for climate-resilient development in India’s riverine landscapes.

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