APSC Current Affairs: Assam Tribune Notes with MCQs and Answer Writing (05/09/2025)
For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, staying updated with current affairs is vital. This blog covers most important topics from the Assam Tribune today (05-09-2025). These issues are key for both APSC Prelims and Mains preparation, offering insights into the APSC CCE Syllabus.
✨ APSC CCE Online Coaching, 2026
💰 GST Two-Slab Reform & Assam’s Support for the Centre’s Plan
📘 GS Paper 3: Indian Economy – Resource Mobilization, Taxation
📘 GS Paper 2: Government Policies & Federalism
📘 GS Paper 5 (Assam): State Finances & Governance
🔹 Introduction
The Union Government has initiated discussions to rationalize GST into a two-rate structure, aiming to simplify compliance and widen the tax base. Assam, through its Finance Minister, has expressed support for this reform, calling it a step towards greater transparency and efficiency. This comes at a time when GST, implemented in 2017, faces criticism for its complex multi-slab structure and revenue challenges. filecite
🔑 Key Points (As per Assam Tribune report)
Current System: GST has 5 major slabs – 0%, 5%, 12%, 18%, 28% (plus cess on luxury/sin goods).
Proposed Change: Move towards 2 slabs (likely a lower standard rate and a higher demerit rate).
Assam’s Stand:
Supports rationalization for simplicity.
Stressed importance of protecting Northeast’s revenue interests.
Centre’s Objective:
Address revenue leakages.
Make GST business-friendly.
Reduce litigation and classification disputes.
Concerns Raised:
Risk of inflation in certain essential goods if rates are adjusted upwards.
States want assurance of compensation for revenue loss. filecite
🧠 Prelims Pointers
GST Council: Constitutional body under Art. 279A, chaired by Union Finance Minister. States’ Finance Ministers are members.
Decision Making: 1/3rd vote for Centre, 2/3rd for states; 75% majority needed.
GST Compensation Cess: Allowed under Art. 270 for 5 years (2017–22), later extended.
Assam’s Role: Assam was the first state to ratify GST Bill in 2016.
Revenue Share: GST is destination-based → benefits consumer states like Assam.
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Importance of Two-Slab GST
Simplification: Easier for businesses, reduces compliance burden.
Transparency: Minimises classification disputes and litigation.
Boost to Investment Climate: Predictable tax rates attract investors.
Revenue Stability: Helps plug leakages and improve collections.
Digital Economy Integration: Aligns with GSTN reforms and e-invoicing.
B. Challenges
| Challenge | Impact |
| Inflationary Pressure | Essential items may move to higher slab. |
| State Autonomy Concerns | Fear of revenue loss in small states like Assam. |
| Transition Costs | Businesses need time for accounting adjustments. |
| Political Economy | Balancing interests of producer vs consumer states. |
| Revenue Neutrality | Must ensure no major shortfall during transition. |
C. Government Initiatives
GST Compensation Extension: To reassure states like Assam.
GSTN Modernisation: AI-driven fraud detection, e-invoicing.
Rationalisation Committees: GoM (Group of Ministers) studying two-rate feasibility.
Digital Tax Ecosystem: E-way bills, real-time invoice matching.
D. Way Forward
Phased Implementation: Start with merging 12% and 18% into a median slab.
Protect Essentials: Keep food, health, and education services in 0–5% slab.
Revenue Guarantee Mechanism: Continue compensation formula for small states.
Stakeholder Consultation: Build consensus in GST Council.
Public Awareness: Avoid misinformation about “tax hikes” by transparent communication.
📊 Sources for Enrichment
Assam Tribune (05 Sept 2025) report on Assam’s support for GST reform. filecite
Economic Survey 2024–25: Highlights GST collection trends.
15th Finance Commission Report: Recommends revenue protection for NE states.
NIPFP Studies on GST: Emphasise rationalisation benefits.
🧩 Conclusion
The move towards a two-slab GST system is a landmark reform in India’s taxation framework. Assam’s proactive support underscores its stake as a consumer-heavy, revenue-vulnerable state. While simplification promises ease of business and stronger revenues, careful design with inflation safeguards and state compensation guarantees will be crucial for success.
🌧️ Climate Change & Extreme Rainfall in Northeast India
📘 GS Paper 1: Geography – Climate & Natural Hazards
📘 GS Paper 3: Environment, Disaster Management
📘 GS Paper 5 (Assam): Regional Environmental Challenges
🔹 Introduction
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has warned that the Northeast region, particularly Assam, faces an increasing frequency of extreme rainfall events due to climate change. This has heightened risks of floods, erosion, and landslides, making the region one of the most climate-vulnerable zones in India. filecite
🔑 Key Points (as per Assam Tribune report)
Trend Observed: IMD recorded a sharp increase in high-intensity, short-duration rainfall events in Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Meghalaya.
Climate Drivers: Changing monsoon patterns, rising temperatures in the Bay of Bengal, and Himalayan glacier melt.
Impacts Noted:
Annual floods in Brahmaputra and Barak valleys worsening.
Severe erosion leading to loss of villages and farmland.
Urban flooding in Guwahati and Imphal.
Landslides in hill districts of Meghalaya, Nagaland, and Manipur.
Projection: Frequency of such events likely to rise further if global warming trends continue.
IMD Call: States must integrate climate resilience into urban planning and disaster management. filecite
🧠 Prelims Pointers
IMD: Established in 1875; under Ministry of Earth Sciences; nodal agency for weather forecasting.
Indian Monsoon & Climate Change: Warming of Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal linked to more intense rainfall events.
Flood-Prone Assam: As per NDMA, ~40% of Assam’s land is flood-prone (highest in India).
State Action Plan on Climate Change (SAPCC – Assam): Focus on flood management, ecosystem restoration, and resilient agriculture.
Important Rivers: Brahmaputra (NW-2 National Waterway), Barak, Subansiri.
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Importance of the Issue
Human Security: Floods affect ~3–4 million people annually in Assam.
Economic Impact: Crop loss, erosion of fertile land, damage to infrastructure.
Environmental Loss: Habitat destruction for rhinos in Kaziranga, wetlands drying up, soil degradation.
Strategic Relevance: Cross-border implications with Bhutan and Bangladesh (transboundary rivers).
B. Challenges
| Challenge | Explanation |
| High Rainfall Variability | Sudden cloudbursts, intense rain episodes strain preparedness. |
| Erosion of Brahmaputra Banks | Loss of hundreds of sq. km. of land annually. |
| Urban Planning Gaps | Encroachment on wetlands in Guwahati → frequent flash floods. |
| Weak Infrastructure | Dams and embankments often breach due to siltation and poor upkeep. |
| Climate Uncertainty | Lack of accurate long-term models for NE rainfall patterns. |
C. Govt. Initiatives
National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) – 8 missions including Water, Green India.
Brahmaputra Board & Flood Management projects – for embankments and anti-erosion works.
National Monsoon Mission & High-Performance Computing (IMD) – better forecasting.
Assam’s SAPCC (2015, revised 2021) – integrates adaptation in agriculture, health, and water resources.
World Bank-funded Assam Integrated Flood and Riverbank Erosion Risk Management Project.
D. Way Forward
Early Warning Systems: Expand Doppler radar network across NE.
Nature-based Solutions: Restore wetlands (Deepor Beel, Silsako) as natural flood buffers.
Community-based Adaptation: Train local disaster committees, promote climate-resilient crops.
River Basin Management: Transboundary cooperation with Bhutan, Bangladesh for flood control.
Urban Climate Resilience: Integrate stormwater drainage, sponge city concept in Guwahati and Imphal.
Research & Data: Strengthen links between IMD, IIT-Guwahati, and Assam University for localised models.
📊 Sources for Enrichment
Assam Tribune (05 Sept 2025) IMD warning on climate-driven extreme rainfall. filecite
IMD State Climate Report (2024) – noted rising extreme rainfall in NE.
NDMA Guidelines on Flood Management (2008, revised 2021).
World Bank (2022) Report on Assam Flood & Erosion.
Assam SAPCC (2015, revised 2021).
🧩 Conclusion
The Northeast’s climate future is marked by more frequent, more intense rainfall events, worsening Assam’s chronic flood and erosion problem. Building climate-resilient infrastructure, restoring ecosystems, and community participation will be vital to transform the region from a disaster hotspot to a model of adaptive governance.
🤖 AI-Driven Policing in Assam: Towards Smarter Law Enforcement
📘 GS Paper 2: Governance, Transparency & Accountability
📘 GS Paper 3: Internal Security & Technology
📘 GS Paper 5 (Assam): Governance & Public Administration Reforms
🔹 Introduction
The Assam Government has announced a new initiative to integrate Artificial Intelligence (AI) in policing, focusing on predictive policing, cyber monitoring, and improved citizen services. The move aims to modernize law enforcement and strengthen internal security, cybercrime control, and public trust in governance. filecite
🔑 Key Points (as per Assam Tribune report)
Predictive Policing: AI systems to analyse past crime data and forecast hotspots.
Cyber Monitoring: Deployment of AI tools to tackle cyber fraud, online radicalisation, and digital scams.
Citizen Services: AI-powered grievance redressal platforms and chatbots.
Training & Infrastructure: Police personnel to undergo digital skills training.
Policy Push: Aligned with the Centre’s Digital India & Cyber Security Strategy.
State Vision: Assam Police to evolve into a “tech-enabled force” balancing efficiency with accountability. filecite
🧠 Prelims Pointers
Predictive Policing: Use of AI/ML to predict potential crimes by analysing big data.
NATGRID: National Intelligence Grid integrates data for internal security.
Cybercrime Trends: India recorded 65,000+ cybercrime cases in 2024 (NCRB data).
CCTNS (Crime & Criminal Tracking Network System): Digitisation of police records across India.
AI in Policing – Global Example: Los Angeles’ “PredPol” system (though criticised for bias).
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Importance of AI in Policing
Enhanced Crime Prevention: Forecasts hotspots and optimises resource deployment.
Cybercrime Management: Tackles digital fraud, phishing, and online extremism.
Efficient Investigations: Faster analysis of CCTV footage, forensic evidence.
Public Trust: AI-driven grievance platforms improve citizen-police interface.
Disaster Response: AI-based crowd monitoring during festivals/protests for safety.
B. Challenges
| Challenge | Explanation |
| Algorithmic Bias | AI may replicate human/social biases, targeting marginalised groups. |
| Privacy Concerns | Surveillance tools may infringe on right to privacy (Puttaswamy judgment). |
| Data Security | Sensitive police data vulnerable to hacking. |
| Skill Gaps | Policemen need training in handling AI systems. |
| Legal Vacuum | No comprehensive legislation in India regulating AI use in policing. |
C. Government Initiatives
National Cyber Security Strategy (Draft 2020) – pending approval.
Digital India & Smart Policing initiatives.
CCTNS & ICJS (Inter-operable Criminal Justice System).
Cyber Crime Prevention against Women & Children (MHA Scheme).
Assam’s Smart Policing Mission: Use of drones, body cameras, and AI monitoring.
D. Way Forward
Legal Framework: Create clear laws on AI surveillance and data privacy.
Human Oversight: AI should assist, not replace, human judgment in policing.
Capacity Building: Digital literacy and cyber training for all police ranks.
Community Policing Integration: AI tools should strengthen, not weaken, human-police relations.
Collaboration: Partner with IIT-Guwahati, NE universities for indigenous AI solutions.
Ethical AI Charter: Adopt UN/IEEE guidelines to prevent misuse of predictive tools.
📊 Sources for Enrichment
Assam Tribune (05 Sept 2025) report on AI-driven policing in Assam. filecite
NCRB Crime in India Report 2024.
Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017): Right to Privacy case.
UNODC Report on AI & Criminal Justice (2021).
MHA Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C).
🧩 Conclusion
AI-driven policing in Assam represents a paradigm shift from reactive to preventive law enforcement. If backed by robust laws, ethical safeguards, and capacity building, Assam could become a model of tech-enabled, citizen-centric policing for India’s Northeast. However, unchecked deployment without privacy protection risks public trust.
🏥 Expansion of Atal Amrit Abhiyan Health Insurance in Assam
📘 GS Paper 2: Health, Welfare Schemes, Social Justice
📘 GS Paper 3: Inclusive Growth & Human Resource Development
📘 GS Paper 5 (Assam): Governance | Health Reforms
🔹 Introduction
The Assam Government has announced the expansion of the Atal Amrit Abhiyan (AAA), the state’s flagship health insurance scheme, to cover more critical illnesses and a wider beneficiary base. The move aims to strengthen universal health coverage in Assam, reduce out-of-pocket expenditure, and complement Ayushman Bharat–PMJAY at the national level. filecite
🔑 Key Points (as per Assam Tribune report)
New Expansion:
Coverage widened beyond the earlier 6 critical disease categories.
Special focus on cancer, heart diseases, kidney ailments, neonatal disorders, and mental health.
Beneficiary Base: Now includes low-income middle-class families in addition to BPL/APL families.
Financial Coverage:
Insurance up to ₹5 lakh per household per year.
Free cashless treatment at empanelled private and govt hospitals.
Government’s Goal: Make Assam a model of affordable healthcare in the Northeast.
Synergy with PMJAY: AAA to complement Ayushman Bharat in ensuring universal access. filecite
🧠 Prelims Pointers
Atal Amrit Abhiyan (2016): Assam state govt scheme for free treatment of critical diseases.
Ayushman Bharat – PMJAY (2018): National health insurance providing ₹5 lakh cover per family.
Right to Health: Implicit under Article 21 (Right to Life), reinforced in Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity v. State of West Bengal (1996).
NITI Aayog Report (2021): India’s out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) = ~48% of total health expenditure (one of world’s highest).
National Health Policy, 2017: Advocates increasing public health expenditure to 2.5% of GDP.
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Importance of AAA Expansion
Financial Protection: Reduces catastrophic health expenditure for poor and lower middle class.
Equity in Healthcare: Extends benefits beyond BPL families.
Disease Burden Response: Targets Assam’s high incidence of cancer (esp. esophageal, stomach, oral cancers linked to tobacco).
Strengthening Public Trust: Enhances confidence in state welfare.
Regional Leadership: Positions Assam as a model for Northeast in healthcare reform.
B. Challenges
| Challenge | Explanation |
| Awareness Gap | Many beneficiaries unaware of scheme benefits. |
| Infrastructure Deficit | District hospitals lack advanced facilities → dependence on private hospitals. |
| Implementation Gaps | Delay in claim settlement, empanelment disputes. |
| Financial Sustainability | Rising healthcare costs may strain state budget. |
| Overlap with PMJAY | Duplication/confusion among citizens regarding which scheme applies. |
C. Govt Initiatives
Digital Health Mission: Health IDs to streamline patient records.
Ayushman Bharat HWC model: Preventive + curative care.
Cancer Care Network in Assam: Partnership with Tata Trusts (17 cancer care centres).
AAA Call Centre & Online Portal: For awareness and grievance redressal.
D. Way Forward
Strengthen Last-Mile Delivery: Awareness campaigns in rural & tea garden areas.
Public-Private Partnerships: Expand empanelled hospitals, especially in oncology & cardiology.
Financial Prudence: Explore health cess or insurance pooling for long-term sustainability.
Integration with PMJAY: Single IT platform for seamless claim processing.
Focus on Preventive Care: Screening for cancer, diabetes, hypertension at PHCs.
📊 Sources for Enrichment
Assam Tribune (05 Sept 2025) report on AAA expansion. filecite
Assam Health Dept: Atal Amrit Abhiyan portal.
NITI Aayog – Health Financing reports.
National Health Policy 2017.
NCRP (National Cancer Registry Programme): Assam among states with highest cancer incidence.
🧩 Conclusion
The expansion of Atal Amrit Abhiyan signals Assam’s commitment to inclusive, affordable healthcare. While it reduces financial barriers for millions, success will depend on strengthening infrastructure, bridging awareness gaps, and ensuring sustainable financing. If implemented effectively, it can transform Assam into a healthcare equity leader in India’s Northeast.could be a game-changer, integrating the region more closely with ASEAN through tourism-driven prosperity.
APSC Prelims Practice Questions
🧩 Topic 1: GST Two-Slab Reform & Assam’s Support
Q1. (UPSC – Statement type)
Consider the following statements about the Goods and Services Tax (GST):
- GST Council decisions require at least a 2/3rd majority of members present and voting.
- In the GST Council, the Centre holds 1/3rd weightage while all States together have 2/3rd.
- Assam was the first State in India to ratify the GST Constitutional Amendment Bill.
Which of the above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
✅ Answer: (d)
Explanation:
- GST Council voting: 75% majority needed, Centre = 1/3rd vote, States together = 2/3rd → Statements 1 & 2 correct.
- Assam was indeed the first state to ratify GST Bill (2016) → Statement 3 correct.
Q2. (UPSC – Match the pairs)
Match the following GST slabs with examples of goods/services:
| GST Slab | Example |
| A. 0% | Unbranded cereals, fresh milk |
| B. 5% | Railway passenger transport |
| C. 18% | Mobile phones |
| D. 28% | Luxury cars |
Select the correct code:
(a) A–1, B–2, C–3, D–4
(b) A–2, B–3, C–1, D–4
(c) A–1, B–2, C–4, D–3
(d) A–4, B–1, C–3, D–2
✅ Answer: (a)
🧩 Topic 2: Climate Change & Extreme Rainfall in Northeast
Q3. (UPSC – Analytical MCQ)
Extreme rainfall events in the Northeast are linked to which of the following factors?
- Increased sea surface temperature in the Bay of Bengal.
- Glacial melt in the eastern Himalayas.
- Weakening of western disturbances.
- Monsoon variability linked to El Niño and La Niña cycles.
Select the correct answer:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
✅ Answer: (b)
Explanation:
- Bay of Bengal warming (✔), Himalayan glacier melt (✔), monsoon-ENSO variability (✔).
- Western disturbances mainly affect Northwest India, not NE rainfall → ❌.
Q4. (UPSC – Assertion-Reason type)
Assertion (A): Assam experiences annual floods affecting millions of people.
Reason (R): Nearly 40% of Assam’s land area is flood-prone due to the Brahmaputra and Barak river systems.
(a) A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
✅ Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Floods in Assam are recurrent because ~40% of land area is flood-prone due to major river systems and heavy rainfall.
🧩 Topic 3: AI-driven Policing in Assam
Q5. (UPSC – Current Affairs factual)
Which of the following are examples of digital initiatives in Indian policing?
- CCTNS (Crime and Criminal Tracking Network System)
- ICJS (Inter-operable Criminal Justice System)
- NATGRID (National Intelligence Grid)
- PRAGATI (Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation)
Select the correct answer:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1, 2 and 3 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
✅ Answer: (b)
Explanation:
- CCTNS, ICJS, NATGRID → directly linked to policing/internal security.
- PRAGATI → governance monitoring tool for PMO, not policing.
Q6. (UPSC – Statement type)
Consider the following with respect to predictive policing:
- It uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to forecast potential crime hotspots.
- The system has been criticised worldwide for risk of algorithmic bias.
- In India, predictive policing is already integrated into the CCTNS framework at the national level.
Which are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
✅ Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Statements 1 & 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect → predictive policing in India is still in pilot projects, not integrated into CCTNS.
🧩 Topic 4: Expansion of Atal Amrit Abhiyan
Q7. (UPSC – Scheme-based factual)
Which of the following disease categories were originally covered under Assam’s Atal Amrit Abhiyan (2016)?
- Cancer
- Cardiovascular diseases
- Kidney diseases
- Neurological disorders
- Burns management
Select the correct answer:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
✅ Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Original AAA coverage = 6 categories: Cardiac, Cancer, Kidney, Neurological, Neo-natal, Burns → so correct = 1, 2, 3, 4.
Q8. (UPSC – Comparison/analytical)
Atal Amrit Abhiyan (AAA) differs from Ayushman Bharat–PMJAY in which of the following aspects?
- AAA is a state scheme of Assam, while PMJAY is a central scheme.
- AAA initially covered only selected critical diseases, whereas PMJAY provides general hospitalization cover.
- AAA provides coverage only for Below Poverty Line (BPL) families, while PMJAY includes both BPL and non-BPL households.
Which are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
✅ Answer: (a)
Explanation:
(3) ❌ AAA expanded to include low-income middle class too, not just BPL.
(1) ✔ AAA = Assam scheme, PMJAY = national.
(2) ✔ AAA = critical diseases; PMJAY broader.
APSC Mains Practice Question
📝 Question
“Climate change has intensified extreme rainfall events in the Northeast, particularly Assam, aggravating flood and erosion vulnerabilities. Discuss the implications and suggest measures for climate-resilient development.” (10/15 marks, 150–250 words)
✍️ Model Answer
🔹 Introduction
The Northeast region, particularly Assam, is among the most climate-vulnerable zones in India. The India Meteorological Department (IMD, 2025) has highlighted a rising trend of short-duration, high-intensity rainfall events, causing recurrent floods, erosion, and landslides. These changes, linked to global warming and monsoon variability, have deep socio-economic and ecological implications.
🔹 Body
1. Implications of Extreme Rainfall in Assam & NE
- Floods & Erosion: Nearly 40% of Assam’s land is flood-prone; erosion of Brahmaputra banks displaces lakhs annually.
- Agricultural Loss: Damage to crops and soil fertility, impacting food security and rural livelihoods.
- Urban Flooding: Encroachment on wetlands in Guwahati and Imphal worsens stormwater flooding.
- Biodiversity Threats: Kaziranga rhino habitats submerged; wetland ecosystems degraded.
- Humanitarian Impact: Displacement, health risks (water-borne diseases), and economic disruption.
2. Challenges in Addressing the Issue
- Weak embankment infrastructure and poor maintenance.
- Unplanned urban growth reducing natural drainage.
- Limited climate modelling capacity for local forecasting.
- Inadequate coordination in transboundary river basin management (India-Bhutan-Bangladesh).
3. Way Forward for Climate-Resilient Development
- Nature-Based Solutions: Restore wetlands (Deepor Beel, Silsako) as natural flood buffers.
- Infrastructure Upgrades: Climate-resilient embankments, sponge city planning for Guwahati.
- Early Warning Systems: Expand Doppler radar coverage; community-level alerts.
- Resilient Agriculture: Promote flood-tolerant paddy varieties, agro-diversification.
- River Basin Cooperation: Strengthen Brahmaputra Board and cross-border flood forecasting with Bangladesh & Bhutan.
- Policy Integration: Embed climate adaptation in Assam’s SAPCC and urban master plans.
🔹 Conclusion
Extreme rainfall in the Northeast is no longer an episodic hazard but a structural climate challenge. For Assam, where floods and erosion are annual realities, the path forward lies in climate-resilient infrastructure, ecosystem restoration, and community-driven adaptation. A balanced approach of technology + traditional wisdom + regional cooperation can transform the region from a disaster hotspot into a model of adaptive governance. governance can yield results. The next frontier lies in ensuring quality and inclusivity, without which the gains in enrolment may not translate into meaningful human development.me the cornerstone of India’s UHC journey, ensuring that no citizen is denied healthcare due to medicine costs.
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