APSC Current Affairs: Assam Tribune Notes with MCQs and Answer Writing (05/08/2025)
For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, staying updated with current affairs is vital. This blog covers most important topics from the Assam Tribune today (05-08-2025). These issues are key for both APSC Prelims and Mains preparation, offering insights into the APSC CCE Syllabus.
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🚧 China’s Mega Dam near Arunachal Border: Implications for Assam & India
📘 GS Paper 3: Environment | Disaster Management | Internal Security
📘 GS Paper 5: Assam-Specific Issues | Resource Utilization | Water Security
🔹 Introduction
China’s construction of a 60,000 MW mega dam near the Great Bend of the Brahmaputra river poses serious environmental, geopolitical, and disaster management concerns for India, especially for downstream regions like Arunachal Pradesh and Assam. Despite India’s proposal for a buffer dam in Upper Siang, the project has not yet commenced due to local opposition, raising concerns over preparedness and regional water security.
🔑 Key Points
| Feature | Details |
| Project Location (China) | Near the Great Bend of Brahmaputra (Yarlung Tsangpo) |
| Capacity | 60,000 MW – among the world’s largest |
| Timeline | Completion by 2030 announced by China |
| Indian Counter-Project | Upper Siang Dam, Arunachal Pradesh |
| Status (India) | Not started due to local opposition and site issues |
| Downstream Risk Areas | Arunachal Pradesh and Assam |
| Responsible Indian Agencies | NHPC and NEEPCO (10% share each in proposed project) |
⚠️ Potential Threats and Strategic Relevance
Sudden Water Release Risk: In case of excess water release or dam failure, lower riparian regions (Arunachal and Assam) could face massive floods.
Seasonal Scarcity Risk: Water diversion or controlled flow during lean season may affect agriculture and water availability downstream.
Disaster Vulnerability: Earthquake-prone region increases risk of dam-induced disasters.
Transboundary Tensions: Could aggravate India-China water-sharing disputes.
Delay in Indian Project: Upper Siang dam could provide flood cushion and water regulation, but delays weaken strategic response.
🧠 Prelims Pointers
Great Bend of Brahmaputra: Major geographical turn of the river in Tibet (Yarlung Tsangpo) before it enters Arunachal as Siang.
Upper Siang Project: Proposed mega-dam in Arunachal to mitigate flood risk and water scarcity.
Riparian Principle: A principle of international law governing rights and responsibilities of nations sharing rivers.
National Dam Safety Authority (NDSA): Ensures dam safety in India.
Transboundary Rivers: India shares over 50 rivers with neighbouring countries.
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Importance of Timely Action
Strategic Water Security: Helps control floods, ensure dry season supply.
Disaster Management: Provides buffer in case of water release or dam failure upstream.
Energy Security: Adds renewable capacity to national grid.
Geopolitical Significance: Counters China’s hydro-hegemonic stance in the region.
B. Challenges
| Challenge | Explanation |
| Local Resistance in Arunachal | Fear of displacement, cultural and ecological loss. |
| Lack of Trust in Governance | Past examples of displacement (e.g., Lower Subansiri Project) have led to skepticism. |
| Environmental Fragility | Project area falls in a sensitive Himalayan ecosystem. |
| Geopolitical Sensitivity | High-tension India-China border reduces diplomatic maneuverability. |
C. Government Initiatives
Proposal for Upper Siang Project
Engagement with Local Communities (yet to succeed)
Bilateral Dialogues on Water Issues (limited success so far)
Dam Safety Framework (National Dam Safety Authority oversight)
D. Way Ahead
Initiate Confidence Building in Local Communities: Inclusive dialogue, compensation, rehabilitation plans.
Expedite Technical and Environmental Studies: Use latest tools for impact assessment.
Regional Cooperation Mechanisms: Strengthen bilateral and multilateral mechanisms like the Mekong-Ganga Cooperation.
Satellite Monitoring of Chinese Activities: For early warning in case of unusual water releases or dam construction changes.
Parallel Investments in River Basin Management: Assam and Arunachal must prepare downstream buffer and response systems.
🧩 Conclusion
The Brahmaputra is not just a river but the lifeline of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. While China moves swiftly with its mega dam project, India must not delay in safeguarding its ecological and strategic interests. The proposed Upper Siang dam, if implemented with sensitivity and speed, could serve as a critical bulwark for both disaster preparedness and national water security.
🏞️ Illegal Diversion of Reserve Forest Land in Assam: Governance and Environmental Implications
📘 GS Paper 2: Governance | Government Policies | Accountability
📘 GS Paper 3: Environment | Forest Conservation | Legal Frameworks
📘 GS Paper 5: Assam-Specific Issues | Governance | Environmental Conservation
🔹 Introduction
A serious governance and environmental controversy has emerged in Assam with the alleged unlawful diversion of reserve forest land at Hailakandi and Geleky for the construction of police battalions. The issue has triggered friction between the State Government and the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), raising concerns about compliance with environmental laws and principles of accountability.
🔑 Key Points
| Aspect | Details |
| Issue | Diversion of reserve forest land for non-forest purposes |
| Location | Hailakandi and Geleky (Assam) |
| Key Officer Involved | MK Yadava, former Principal Chief Conservator of Forest (PCCF) |
| Legal Concern | Alleged violation of Forest Conservation Act, Van Rules 2023 |
| Centre’s Response | MoEF&CC repeatedly sought Action Taken Report (ATR) from State Govt |
| State’s Stance | Defended the officer citing “bonafide action” in public interest |
| Rule Invoked by Centre | Rule 15(2) of Van (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan) Rules, 2023 |
| Post Held by Officer Now | Special Chief Secretary (Forest) |
🧠 Prelims Pointers
Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980: Restricts use of forest land for non-forest purposes without central approval.
Van (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan) Rules, 2023: New rules regulating forest clearance, introduced to improve transparency and conservation.
MoEF&CC: Nodal ministry for approving forest land diversion under FCA.
Hailakandi & Geleky: Reserve forest areas in Assam—ecologically sensitive regions.
Rule 15(2): Seeks submission of ATR in case of procedural violation of forest diversion.
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Importance of Forest Conservation in Assam
Assam is home to over 35% forest cover; vital for biodiversity, climate regulation, and tribal livelihoods.
Reserve forests act as green lungs and wildlife corridors, especially important in biodiversity-rich districts like Geleky (adjacent to Nagaland) and Hailakandi (Barak Valley).
Any diversion without due process can set a dangerous precedent, weakening institutional safeguards.
B. Key Challenges
| Challenge | Explanation |
| Violation of Due Process | Officer allegedly granted diversion without Central approval. |
| Legal vs. Executive Overreach | State Government defending officer contradicts central law. |
| Ecological Damage | Clearing forests for police battalions could fragment habitats. |
| Institutional Accountability | Delay in submitting ATR despite Centre’s repeated requests. |
C. Government Initiatives & Legal Framework
Forest Clearance Process (two-stage): In-principle approval → Compliance → Final clearance
National Green Tribunal (NGT): Monitors environmental violations.
Assam Forest Policy: Encourages participatory forest management.
Compensatory Afforestation Scheme: Required in case of diversion.
E-Green Watch Portal: Tracks forest diversion projects.
D. Way Ahead
Independent Inquiry: A neutral probe must ascertain whether the diversion violated environmental laws.
Strengthening Inter-Govt Coordination: MoEF&CC and State Forest Departments need clear channels of accountability.
Transparency in Forest Clearances: Use of satellite imagery and public platforms to track clearances.
Empowering Forest Officers with Ethics Training: Balancing development with ecological sustainability.
Revise State-Level Clearance Protocols: Ensure mandatory prior approval from Centre for sensitive zones.
🧩 Conclusion
The Hailakandi and Geleky forest diversion controversy reflects a deeper challenge of balancing security infrastructure development with ecological integrity and legal compliance. The State must adhere to constitutional environmental obligations while the Centre ensures enforceability of forest laws. Protecting Assam’s forest heritage is essential not just for ecology, but for the future resilience of the State’s people and climate.
🛑 Assam’s Eviction Drive and Land Encroachment: Implications for Governance and Social Cohesion
📘 GS Paper 2: Governance | Public Policy | Rights of Vulnerable Sections
📘 GS Paper 3: Internal Security | Border Management | Demographic Challenges
📘 GS Paper 5: Assam-Specific Issues | Land Reforms | Social Justice
🔹 Introduction
Assam’s ongoing eviction drives to reclaim encroached land—especially Village Grazing Reserves (VGR), Professional Grazing Reserves (PGR), satras, forests, and public land—have sparked both support and criticism. Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma recently asserted that sheltering evicted individuals will reverse the gains made in “protecting the jati (community).” The issue raises key questions around governance, land rights, illegal immigration, and the balance between enforcement and inclusivity.
🔑 Key Points
| Feature | Description |
| Eviction Focus Areas | Forest land, VGR, PGR, satras, namghars, wetlands |
| Land Cleared So Far | Over 1.29 lakh bighas (approx. 42,500 acres) in 4 years |
| Land Still Under Encroachment | Approx. 29 lakh bighas (9.5+ lakh acres) |
| Govt’s Position | Targeting “illegal Bangladeshi settlers” and “doubtful citizens” |
| Public Advisory | Citizens urged not to shelter evicted individuals |
| Eviction Zone Example | Uriamghat near Nagaland border—eviction supported by Nagaland |
| Political Context | BJP accuses Congress of encouraging illegal influx during rule |
🧠 Prelims Pointers
VGR/PGR: Village/Professional Grazing Reserves set aside for livestock grazing—protected by state laws.
Encroachment: Unauthorized occupation of public or community land—often linked with migration, poverty, or political patronage.
Uriamghat: Sensitive border area between Assam and Nagaland—frequent site of land disputes.
National Register of Citizens (NRC): Citizenship verification exercise in Assam; still pending re-verification.
Satra Land: Land associated with Vaishnavite religious and cultural institutions in Assam.
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Importance of Land Reclamation
Resource Restoration: Forests, wetlands, and grazing lands are crucial for ecology and livelihoods.
Cultural Preservation: Reclaiming satra and namghar land aligns with protecting Assamese cultural identity.
Security and Border Stability: Eviction in border areas like Uriamghat improves law-and-order and border clarity.
Public Infrastructure Planning: Prevents unregulated growth and supports planned urban/rural development.
B. Key Challenges
| Challenge | Explanation |
| Humanitarian Impact | Displacement of marginalized communities, lack of rehabilitation. |
| Politicization | Accusations of targeting specific religious or ethnic groups. |
| Legal Ambiguity | Difficulty in proving illegal status, especially in absence of NRC clarity. |
| Administrative Burden | Large-scale logistics, legal notices, use of force can strain state machinery. |
| Social Cohesion Risk | Fueling communal mistrust and deepening ethnic divides. |
C. Government Measures
Eviction Drives: Phased and force-backed evictions from encroached land.
Political Messaging: Emphasis on protecting “jati, mati, bheti” (identity, land, foundation).
Clarification on Indigenous Claims: CM stated indigenous unauthorized settlers may not be evicted.
Data Collection & Monitoring: Surveys and land mapping underway in encroached areas.
Legal Frameworks: Indian Forest Act, Assam Land Revenue Regulation, Disaster Management Act used in various cases.
D. Way Ahead
Inclusive Rehabilitation Policy: Resettle genuine landless citizens, especially if identified as Indian nationals.
Transparent Legal Processes: Ensure evictions follow due legal procedure with judicial oversight.
Update and Verify NRC: Expedite fair re-verification to establish clarity on citizenship.
Community-Based Land Mapping: Engage local institutions to identify rightful ownership and preserve commons.
Depoliticize the Eviction Narrative: Avoid communal rhetoric; instead frame evictions in legal and ecological terms.
🧩 Conclusion
Assam’s land eviction campaign highlights the tension between development and displacement, identity and inclusion. While it is essential to protect forest and public lands from encroachment, the State must also uphold constitutional values of justice, equality, and dignity for all. Balancing security, ecological integrity, and humane governance is the path toward long-term peace and prosperity in Assam.
🏗️ Foot Overbridges along NH-27 in Guwahati: Urban Infrastructure and Pedestrian Safety
📘 GS Paper 2: Urban Governance | Government Initiatives
📘 GS Paper 3: Infrastructure | Mobility | Road Safety
📘 GS Paper 5: Assam-Specific Issues | Urban Development | Transport
🔹 Introduction
The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has announced the construction of five new foot overbridges (FOBs) across National Highway-27 in Guwahati to improve pedestrian safety and reduce traffic congestion. This initiative is part of a broader strategy to modernize urban infrastructure in Assam’s capital, which has seen rising vehicular and foot traffic due to rapid urbanization.
🔑 Key Points
| Feature | Description |
| Project Name | Construction of 5 foot overbridges in Guwahati |
| Implementing Agency | National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) |
| Estimated Cost | ₹30–35 crore |
| Target Completion | July 2026 |
| Locations | Jalukbari (AEC gate), Tetelia, CPWD Office (Gorchuk), Royal Global University, Lalmati |
| Contractor | Shiva Build-Tech Pvt. Ltd. |
| Design Features | Escalators, accessibility for elderly and schoolchildren |
| Complementary Projects | Streetlights along Jalukbari-Khanapara stretch, 6-laning of NH-27 |
🧠 Prelims Pointers
NH-27: One of India’s longest national highways, connecting Porbandar (Gujarat) to Silchar (Assam).
Guwahati Bypass: 18-km stretch recently upgraded from four to six lanes.
NHAI: Autonomous agency under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.
FOBs: Structures that enable pedestrians to cross busy roads safely without interfering with vehicular flow.
Urban Heat Island Effect: Over-urbanization can cause local warming; pedestrian infrastructure helps reduce dependency on vehicles.
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Importance of Pedestrian Infrastructure in Urban Assam
Enhances Safety: Reduces pedestrian deaths, especially near schools and markets.
Promotes Walkability: Encourages healthier urban lifestyles and reduces carbon emissions.
Reduces Congestion: Segregates pedestrian and vehicle movement, ensuring smoother traffic flow.
Inclusive Design: Escalators ensure access for differently-abled and elderly citizens.
B. Challenges
| Challenge | Explanation |
| Land Acquisition | Even for small infrastructure like FOBs, local resistance may delay construction. |
| Maintenance of Facilities | Past examples show poor upkeep of escalators, lighting, and cleanliness. |
| User Compliance | Many pedestrians avoid FOBs due to poor location, preferring unsafe road crossings. |
| Integration with Public Transport | Lack of alignment between bus bays, FOBs, and sidewalks reduces effectiveness. |
C. Government and Policy Measures
Smart Cities Mission: Guwahati is a part of this programme aimed at infrastructure modernization.
Street for People Challenge: Initiative under Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs to redesign streets for safety.
National Road Safety Policy: Focuses on reducing road fatalities by 50% by 2030.
State Urban Mobility Plan (SUM): Assam’s vision for integrating road, pedestrian, and public transport infrastructure.
Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority (GMDA): Coordinates urban development in the city.
D. Way Ahead
Promote Last-Mile Integration: Connect FOBs with footpaths, bicycle lanes, and bus stops.
Awareness Drives: Campaigns to promote responsible road behavior and usage of FOBs.
Real-Time Surveillance: Install CCTV and lighting for user safety, especially during night.
Adopt Smart Technologies: Use solar panels, AI-enabled crowd tracking, and digital signage.
Regular Audits: Establish a monitoring cell to assess usage, cleanliness, and repairs.
🧩 Conclusion
The construction of pedestrian bridges across NH-27 reflects a shift towards people-centric infrastructure in Guwahati. For Assam to become a model of inclusive urban development, such projects must go beyond construction—ensuring they are accessible, usable, and maintained for the long term. When infrastructure meets intention, cities become truly livable.
APSC Prelims Practice Questions
🧭 Topic 1: China’s Mega Dam near the Great Bend of the Brahmaputra
Q1. Consider the following statements regarding transboundary river projects:
- The Brahmaputra River originates in Bhutan and flows through India before entering Bangladesh.
- The Upper Siang project is a proposed Indian initiative to counter potential hydrological threats from Chinese dams.
- India has a legally binding water-sharing treaty with China on the Brahmaputra.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 2 and 3 only
Answer: B. 2 only
🧠 Explanation:
- Statement 1 is incorrect: The Brahmaputra originates as the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet, not Bhutan.
- Statement 2 is correct: Upper Siang project in Arunachal is proposed by India to mitigate effects of China’s mega dam.
- Statement 3 is incorrect: India and China do not have a water-sharing treaty; only a limited hydrological data-sharing MoU exists.
Q2. The term “Great Bend” is often mentioned in geopolitical discussions involving India and China. It refers to:
A. A sharp turn of the Brahmaputra river in Bhutan
B. A Himalayan pass through which Chinese troops moved in 1962
C. A U-shaped turn of Yarlung Tsangpo before it enters India
D. A tectonic boundary along the Karakoram range
Answer: C. A U-shaped turn of Yarlung Tsangpo before it enters India
🧠 Explanation:
The Great Bend is a dramatic U-turn in Tibet where the Yarlung Tsangpo (upper Brahmaputra) curves around Namcha Barwa mountain before entering India as Siang.
🌳 Topic 2: Illegal Diversion of Reserve Forest Land in Assam
Q3. With reference to forest governance in India, consider the following:
- As per the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, no forest land can be diverted for non-forest use without prior approval from the Central Government.
- The Van (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan) Rules, 2023 allow state governments to independently clear forest land for security installations.
- Reserve Forests are notified under the Indian Forest Act, 1927.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 and 3 only
B. 2 only
C. 1 and 2 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: A. 1 and 3 only
🧠 Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct: FCA mandates central approval for diversion.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: The 2023 Rules do not give states unilateral power.
- Statement 3 is correct: Reserve forests are notified under the Indian Forest Act, 1927.
Q4. Which of the following best describes the legal principle of “non-derogation” in environmental jurisprudence?
A. Environmental laws should not be amended without Parliamentary scrutiny.
B. Once environmental protection is legislated, it cannot be diluted to favor developmental priorities.
C. Forest dwellers have unconditional rights under Article 21.
D. The judiciary must always favor tribal rights in forest cases.
Answer: B. Once environmental protection is legislated, it cannot be diluted to favor developmental priorities.
🧠 Explanation:
Non-derogation means legal protections, especially in environmental contexts, cannot be diluted or reversed, even by executive order or expediency.
🌾 Topic 3: Assam’s Eviction Drives and Land Encroachment
Q5. Match the following categories of land in Assam with their primary characteristics:
| Type of Land | Feature |
| A. Village Grazing Reserve (VGR) | 1. Reserved for specific occupational groups’ grazing rights |
| B. Professional Grazing Reserve (PGR) | 2. Community-owned land used for cattle and livestock |
| C. Satra Land | 3. Cultural and religious land associated with Vaishnavite monasteries |
| D. Forest Land | 4. Protected under Forest Conservation Act, 1980 |
Correct Match:
A – 2, B – 1, C – 3, D – 4
Answer: ✔️ Correct
🧠 Explanation:
- VGRs = community livestock grazing
- PGRs = reserved for professional groups (e.g., herders)
- Satras = Vaishnavite institutions
- Forest Land = FCA protection
Q6. In the context of NRC and illegal immigration in Assam, consider the following statements:
- The National Register of Citizens (NRC) in Assam is monitored by the Election Commission of India.
- Inclusion in NRC automatically confers Indian citizenship.
- Assam Accord (1985) set the cut-off date for detection of illegal migrants as 24 March 1971.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 only
C. 3 only
D. 2 and 3 only
Answer: C. 3 only
🧠 Explanation:
- Statement 1 is incorrect: NRC is supervised by the Registrar General of India, not the Election Commission.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: Inclusion in NRC does not automatically confer citizenship; it only establishes eligibility.
- Statement 3 is correct: As per Assam Accord, 24 March 1971 is the legal cut-off.
🚶♀️ Topic 4: Foot Overbridges along NH-27 in Guwahati
Q7. Consider the following advantages of constructing Foot Overbridges (FOBs) in urban areas:
- They reduce pedestrian-vehicle conflict and road accidents.
- They contribute directly to the reduction of ambient air pollution.
- They are mandatory under the Indian Roads Congress (IRC) guidelines for every state capital.
Which of the above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: A. 1 only
🧠 Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct: FOBs reduce accidents by separating pedestrian and vehicular movement.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: Indirect benefits may exist, but not directly proven to reduce air pollution.
- Statement 3 is incorrect: IRC provides guidelines, not a mandatory requirement for every state capital.
Q8. Recently, the NHAI undertook infrastructure upgradation on NH-27 in Guwahati. Which of the following features are associated with NH-27?
- It passes through Assam, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Gujarat.
- It is part of the Golden Quadrilateral project.
- It includes multiple six-lane upgrades in urban sections like Guwahati.
Select the correct answer using the code below:
A. 1 and 3 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 2 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: A. 1 and 3 only
🧠 Explanation:
Statement 3 is correct: Guwahati bypass has been upgraded to six lanes recently.
NH-27 connects Gujarat to Assam—Statement 1 is correct.
Statement 2 is incorrect: NH-27 is part of East-West Corridor, not Golden Quadrilateral.
APSC Mains Practice Question
Mains Question (GS Paper 3 – Environment | Disaster Management | Internal Security)
Q. China’s construction of a mega dam near the Great Bend of the Brahmaputra poses complex environmental, strategic, and disaster-related challenges for India. Critically examine its implications for Assam and suggest a comprehensive policy response.
Model Answer:
🔹 Introduction
The construction of a 60,000 MW mega hydropower dam by China near the Great Bend of the Brahmaputra (Yarlung Tsangpo) has raised serious concerns in India. Located just upstream of Arunachal Pradesh, this project is seen as a potential hydrological weapon in the context of India-China border tensions and climate vulnerabilities, especially affecting Assam and Arunachal Pradesh, two ecologically fragile and densely populated states downstream.
🔑 Implications for Assam and India
1. Environmental and Ecological Threats
- Sudden release of water or dam failure can cause catastrophic flooding in Assam’s Brahmaputra Valley.
- Change in sediment flow could disrupt the natural fertility and aquatic biodiversity of the region.
- Potential disruption of monsoon flow synchronization affecting agriculture.
2. Strategic and Security Concerns
- China’s dam construction with no bilateral treaty raises fears of hydro-hegemony.
- Weaponization of water in a conflict scenario could be used as leverage against India.
- Intelligence and monitoring gaps in the high-altitude region exacerbate vulnerability.
3. Socioeconomic Fallout
- Assam’s flood management becomes more complex due to unpredictable river behavior.
- Disruption of livelihoods dependent on agriculture, fishing, and riverine trade.
- Erosion, already a major problem in Assam, may intensify with altered flow dynamics.
⚖️ Existing Policy Gaps
- No legally binding India-China river water sharing agreement
- Delay in constructing the Upper Siang Dam (India’s buffer response) due to local opposition
- Weak disaster early warning systems for transboundary water releases
- Limited use of satellite-based hydrological monitoring
🛠️ Comprehensive Policy Response
✅ A. Strategic Infrastructure Development
- Expedite Upper Siang Hydroelectric Project with full stakeholder consultation
- Develop multipurpose flood-mitigation cum power-generating structures in Arunachal-Assam border
✅ B. Regional Cooperation and Diplomacy
- Pursue confidence-building measures (CBMs) with China on river data sharing
- Push for regional hydro-diplomacy mechanisms through BIMSTEC or SCO platforms
✅ C. Technological Surveillance and Preparedness
- Strengthen satellite and drone-based river flow monitoring
- Integrate AI-based flood forecasting systems with Assam State Disaster Management Authority (ASDMA)
✅ D. Local Capacity and Resilience
- Build community-based flood preparedness in Assam
- Promote climate-resilient cropping and riverbank stabilization programs
🧩 Conclusion
China’s mega dam near the Great Bend is not merely an infrastructural project—it is a geopolitical signal and an ecological challenge. For Assam and India, the stakes are high. A nuanced response combining hydrological diplomacy, strategic deterrence, disaster preparedness, and local resilience is essential to secure both national interest and regional stability.
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