APSC Current Affairs: Assam Tribune Notes with MCQs and Answer Writing (04/12/2024)

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, staying updated with current affairs is vital. This blog covers most important topics from the Assam Tribune today (04-12-2024). These issues are key for both APSC Prelims and Mains preparation, offering insights into the APSC CCE Syllabus.

1. Brahmaputra River Drying During Lean Season

Relevant for: GS Paper 1 – Geography; GS Paper 3 – Environment and Disaster Management

Introduction:

The Brahmaputra River, a lifeline for Northeast India, is experiencing abnormal drying during the lean season, raising significant environmental and socio-economic concerns. Experts attribute the phenomenon to reduced monsoon rainfall and sediment accumulation.

Key Facts:

• Decline in Rainfall: Rainfall has decreased by approximately 20-30% over the past two decades in Assam and the Himalayan foothills.
• Sedimentation: The river bed is rising due to sediment deposition, reducing its water-carrying capacity.
• Flooding Link: While the river dries in lean seasons, sediment build-up exacerbates floods during monsoons.
• Government Measures: Dredging initiatives have been proposed but are considered insufficient for long-term solutions.

Prelims Pointers:

• Brahmaputra River: Originates in Tibet (as Yarlung Tsangpo), flows through India and Bangladesh.
• Key Tributaries: Dibang, Lohit, Subansiri.
• Dredging: Process of removing sediments to deepen riverbeds for navigation and flood control.

Mains Pointers:

Importance:

1. Water Resource: Essential for agriculture, hydropower, and drinking water.
2. Disaster Management: Critical to understanding and managing floods and droughts.
3. Biodiversity: The river sustains unique aquatic ecosystems.
4. Cultural Significance: Integral to the heritage and livelihoods of local communities.

Challenges:

1. Climate Variability: Difficulty in attributing changes directly to climate change due to lack of long-term data.
2. Technological Constraints: Dredging on a large scale is financially and technically demanding.
3. Cross-Border Dynamics: A significant portion of Brahmaputra’s water originates in China, adding geopolitical concerns.
4. Ecosystem Disruption: Dredging and other measures can disturb aquatic habitats.

Way Forward:

1. Integrated Water Management: Combine hydrological modeling with local interventions.
2. Research and Monitoring: Strengthen studies on sedimentation and climate impacts.
3. Community Engagement: Include local populations in conservation and management efforts.
4. Diplomatic Efforts: Strengthen bilateral agreements with China on water-sharing and climate adaptation.

Conclusion:

Addressing the drying of the Brahmaputra requires multi-sectoral efforts, blending environmental science, technology, and policy. Ensuring the river’s vitality is crucial for ecological balance and regional stability.

---

2. Infrastructure Projects in Assam: Focus on Guwahati Ring Road and Kaziranga Elevated Corridor

Relevant for: GS Paper 3 – Infrastructure Development; Economy

Introduction:

Assam is witnessing a push for transformative infrastructure projects, with a focus on the Guwahati Ring Road and Kaziranga Elevated Corridor. These projects aim to enhance connectivity, economic growth, and conservation.

Key Facts:

• Guwahati Ring Road: A 121-km highway designed to reduce urban congestion.
• Kaziranga Elevated Corridor: Elevated road planned to mitigate wildlife fatalities and human-wildlife conflicts.
• Underwater Tunnel: Planned between Gohpur and Numaligarh to improve connectivity across the Brahmaputra.
• Investment: Multi-crore projects backed by state and central funds, with support from private players.

Prelims Pointers:

• Kaziranga National Park: UNESCO World Heritage Site, famous for the one-horned rhinoceros.
• Elevated Corridors: Structures allowing safe wildlife movement under roads.
• Ring Road: A circular road network to bypass urban traffic.

Mains Pointers:

Importance:

1. Economic Growth: Reduces travel time, boosting trade and tourism.
2. Wildlife Protection: Elevated corridors ensure safe passage for animals in sensitive zones like Kaziranga.
3. Disaster Resilience: Enhanced infrastructure reduces flood and erosion impacts.
4. Urban Planning: Improves Guwahati’s livability by addressing congestion.

Challenges:

1. Ecological Impact: Concerns over deforestation and habitat disruption during construction.
2. Land Acquisition: Resistance from locals and delays in compensation.
3. Financial Constraints: High costs require sustainable funding models.
4. Maintenance: Long-term upkeep of sophisticated infrastructure like elevated corridors.

Way Forward:

1. Environmental Safeguards: Ensure compliance with green construction practices.
2. Stakeholder Collaboration: Engage communities and NGOs in planning and implementation.
3. Sustainable Funding: Explore public-private partnerships and international aid.
4. Technology Integration: Use AI for traffic management and environmental monitoring.

Conclusion:

Infrastructure projects like the Guwahati Ring Road and Kaziranga Corridor signify Assam’s stride toward balanced development. Addressing ecological concerns alongside economic goals can serve as a model for sustainable growth in India.

---

3. Border Roads Organization (BRO) Projects in Northeast India

Relevant for: GS Paper 3 – Infrastructure Development, Internal Security

Introduction:
The Director General of the Border Roads Organization (BRO), Lt Gen Raghu Srinivasan, visited Assam and Arunachal Pradesh to assess ongoing road infrastructure projects under Project Vartak. These projects are critical for enhancing connectivity and strategic security in the Northeast region.

Key Facts:

• Project Vartak: Focused on road development in border areas.
• Notable Projects Reviewed:
  • Sela Tunnel operations monitored for safety and efficiency.
  • Strategic aerial surveys conducted in the Zimithang sector.
  • Connectivity improvements in forward areas like Lungro, Damteng, and Yangtse.
• Collaborations: Discussions with Arunachal Pradesh CM Pema Khandu on future infrastructure plans.

Prelims Pointers:

• Sela Tunnel: A key infrastructure project aimed at all-weather connectivity in Arunachal Pradesh.
• Zimithang Sector: A strategic location near the India-China border.
• BRO’s Role: Under the Ministry of Defence, responsible for developing and maintaining road networks in border areas.

Mains Pointers:
Importance:

1. Strategic Security: Strengthens military readiness in sensitive border areas.
2. Regional Development: Boosts economic activity and mobility in remote areas.
3. National Integration: Connects isolated regions with mainstream India.
4. Disaster Preparedness: Improves access for disaster response and relief operations.

Challenges:

1. Difficult Terrain: Hinders construction and maintenance activities.
2. Weather Impact: Heavy rains and landslides disrupt progress.
3. Funding and Resources: Insufficient allocation delays projects.
4. Ecological Sensitivity: Risks to biodiversity and fragile ecosystems.

Government Initiatives:

• Increased budgetary allocation for Northeast projects.
• Use of advanced technology like SCADA for efficient monitoring.

Way Ahead:

1. Expedite completion of critical projects like the Sela Tunnel.
2. Enhance collaboration with state governments for integrated development.
3. Invest in eco-friendly construction techniques.

Conclusion:
The BRO’s commitment to improving connectivity in the Northeast is vital for India’s security and development. Sustained efforts and innovative solutions are needed to overcome regional challenges.

---

4. Expansion of Rubber Plantations in Northeast

Relevant for: GS Paper 3 – Economy, Agriculture, and Environment

Introduction:

The Northeast region is witnessing significant growth in rubber plantations as part of a collaborative effort between the government and private sector. This initiative aims to increase India’s share in global rubber production while boosting regional economic development.

Key Facts:

• Target Area Coverage: 2 lakh hectares planned for rubber plantations over the next decade.
• Economic Investment: ₹1,100 crore allocated by major tire manufacturers, including Apollo, Ceat, JK Tyres, and MRF.
• Current Contribution: The Northeast contributes 16% to India’s rubber production, with a goal to reach 38%.

Prelims Pointers:

• Rubber Board of India: Central agency responsible for the development, promotion, and research in India’s rubber sector.
• Ecological Impact of Rubber: Studies highlight risks like changes in water regimes and biodiversity reduction.
• Northeast Potential: The region’s climate and topography are conducive for rubber cultivation.

Mains Pointers:

Importance of Expansion:

1. Economic Development:
   • Increases income for farmers and creates rural employment opportunities.
   • Enhances regional development in economically backward areas.
2. Self-Reliance in Rubber Production:
   • Reduces dependency on imports, aligning with the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative.
   • Supports the domestic tire and manufacturing industry with consistent raw material supply.
3. Alignment with Green Economy Goals:
   • Encourages sustainable agricultural practices while reducing India’s carbon footprint.
4. Global Competitiveness:
   • Strengthens India’s position in the international rubber market.

Challenges:

1. Ecological Risks:
   • Large-scale monoculture plantations disrupt forest ecosystems, impacting biodiversity.
   • Altered hydrological cycles in rubber plantation areas can lead to water scarcity.
2. Farmer Marginalization:
   • Benefits from rubber expansion are often concentrated among larger corporations, sidelining smallholder farmers.
3. Lack of Knowledge:
   • Farmers face challenges in adopting sustainable and efficient plantation practices.
   • Limited understanding of market dynamics and pricing mechanisms.
4. Infrastructure Constraints:
   • Inadequate transportation and processing facilities in remote areas hinder effective supply chain operations.

Way Ahead:

1. Environmental Safeguards:
   • Conduct comprehensive environmental impact assessments before approving large-scale plantations.
   • Encourage agroforestry practices to balance rubber cultivation with ecological preservation.
2. Inclusive Growth:
   • Implement fair trade policies to ensure equitable benefits for smallholder farmers.
   • Provide subsidies and training programs for farmers in sustainable practices.
3. Infrastructure Development:
   • Build rubber processing units near cultivation areas to reduce logistics costs.
   • Improve transportation networks for better market connectivity.
4. Research and Development:
   • Invest in R&D to develop climate-resilient and high-yield rubber varieties.
   • Promote partnerships between the Rubber Board and educational institutions for farmer education.

Conclusion:

The expansion of rubber plantations in the Northeast holds immense potential for economic growth, employment generation, and self-reliance. However, balancing economic benefits with ecological sustainability and farmer inclusion is critical to the long-term success of the initiative. Strategic planning, environmental safeguards, and farmer-centric policies can transform the region into a hub for sustainable rubber production.

APSC Prelims Practice Questions

1. Brahmaputra River Drying During Lean Season

Question:
Which of the following is/are correct regarding the Brahmaputra River?

1. It originates in India and flows into Bangladesh.
2. Sedimentation in the Brahmaputra River bed has increased over recent decades, reducing its water-carrying capacity.
3. Dredging is the process of removing sediments to deepen riverbeds, often used as a flood control measure.

Select the correct answer using the code below:
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, and 3

Answer: B

Explanation:

• Statement 1: Incorrect. The Brahmaputra originates in Tibet as the Yarlung Tsangpo, flows through India, and enters Bangladesh.
• Statement 2: Correct. Sedimentation has been rising due to reduced monsoon rainfall and soil erosion, lowering the river’s water-carrying capacity.
• Statement 3: Correct. Dredging removes sediments and is used to deepen riverbeds for flood control and navigation.

---

2. Infrastructure Projects in Assam: Focus on Guwahati Ring Road and Kaziranga Elevated Corridor

Question:
Consider the following statements about the Kaziranga Elevated Corridor:

1. It aims to reduce human-wildlife conflict by providing safe wildlife movement under elevated roads.
2. It is part of the infrastructure projects planned for the Guwahati Ring Road.
3. Kaziranga National Park, where the corridor is planned, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, and 3

Answer: B

Explanation:

• Statement 1: Correct. The elevated corridor is designed to allow safe wildlife crossings under the road, reducing wildlife fatalities and human-wildlife conflict.
• Statement 2: Incorrect. The Kaziranga Elevated Corridor is not part of the Guwahati Ring Road but a separate project focused on wildlife protection.
• Statement 3: Correct. Kaziranga National Park is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its biodiversity, including the one-horned rhinoceros.

---

3. Border Roads Organization (BRO) Projects in Northeast India

Question:
Which of the following statements is/are correct about the Border Roads Organization (BRO) in Northeast India?

1. The BRO operates under the Ministry of Defence in India.
2. The Sela Tunnel is being constructed to provide all-weather connectivity in Arunachal Pradesh.
3. Project Vartak primarily focuses on improving road connectivity in the Zimithang sector of Assam.

Select the correct answer using the code below:
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, and 3

Answer: A

Explanation:

• Statement 1: Correct. The BRO is under the Ministry of Defence and focuses on strategic and border infrastructure development.
• Statement 2: Correct. The Sela Tunnel is being constructed in Arunachal Pradesh to ensure all-weather connectivity to Tawang and other border areas.
• Statement 3: Incorrect. Project Vartak focuses on infrastructure in Arunachal Pradesh, not Assam, though Zimithang is a strategic location near the India-China border.

---

4. Expansion of Rubber Plantations in Northeast

Question:
Which of the following statements regarding the expansion of rubber plantations in the Northeast is correct?

1. The Rubber Board of India is responsible for promoting rubber cultivation and research.
2. The expansion aims to increase the Northeast’s share of India’s rubber production to 50% within the next decade.
3. Rubber plantations in the region pose ecological risks, such as biodiversity loss and changes to hydrological cycles.

Select the correct answer using the code below:
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, and 3

Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 3: Correct. Large-scale monoculture rubber plantations disrupt ecosystems, causing biodiversity loss and altering water cycles.

Statement 1: Correct. The Rubber Board of India governs the development and research for rubber cultivation in India.

Statement 2: Incorrect. The goal is to increase the Northeast’s share to 38%, not 50%.

APSC Mains Practice Question

Topic: Brahmaputra River Drying During Lean Season
GS Paper 3: Environment, Disaster Management, and Geography

The Brahmaputra River’s drying during lean seasons presents significant socio-economic and environmental challenges for Northeast India. Discuss the causes of this phenomenon and its implications. Suggest measures to ensure sustainable management of the river system.

---

Model Answer

Introduction:
The Brahmaputra River, originating in Tibet as the Yarlung Tsangpo, is a lifeline for Northeast India. However, abnormal drying during lean seasons has raised concerns over the river’s sustainability. Factors such as reduced rainfall, sedimentation, and climate variability are exacerbating the issue, impacting agriculture, biodiversity, and regional livelihoods.

---

Causes of the Brahmaputra River Drying:

1. Reduced Rainfall:
   • A 20–30% decline in monsoon rainfall in Assam and Himalayan foothills over the last two decades.
2. Sedimentation:
   • Increased sediment deposition raises the riverbed, reducing water-carrying capacity.
   • Erosion from deforestation and unregulated construction exacerbates sediment loads.
3. Climate Change:
   • Altered precipitation patterns and glacial melt cycles disrupt water flow.
4. Cross-Border Dynamics:
   • A significant portion of the Brahmaputra’s water originates in China, where upstream interventions may affect downstream flow.
5. Human Activities:
   • Over-extraction of water for irrigation, urbanization, and hydropower projects reduce downstream availability.

---

Implications of the Drying Brahmaputra:

1. Agriculture and Livelihoods:
   • Decreased water availability for irrigation impacts crop productivity, endangering food security.
2. Biodiversity Loss:
   • Aquatic ecosystems dependent on steady water flow are under threat.
3. Increased Flood Vulnerability:
   • Sediment accumulation worsens floods during monsoons, damaging infrastructure and displacing communities.
4. Economic Impact:
   • Declining water levels hinder navigation and hydropower projects, affecting trade and energy production.
5. Geopolitical Tensions:
   • Cross-border disputes over water sharing may escalate, affecting bilateral relations with China and Bangladesh.

---

Measures for Sustainable Management:

1. Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM):
   • Develop a basin-wide approach, combining hydrological modeling with local water conservation practices.
2. Sediment Control Measures:
   • Afforestation in catchment areas and riverbank stabilization to reduce soil erosion.
   • Large-scale dredging to restore water-carrying capacity.
3. Climate-Resilient Infrastructure:
   • Invest in infrastructure that adapts to fluctuating water levels, such as multipurpose dams with ecological safeguards.
4. Strengthened Bilateral Agreements:
   • Engage China and Bangladesh for transparent water-sharing agreements and joint climate adaptation projects.
5. Community Engagement and Awareness:
   • Educate local communities on sustainable water use and involve them in conservation initiatives.
6. Research and Monitoring:
   • Strengthen monitoring systems to study sedimentation, glacial melt, and water flow patterns.

---

Conclusion:
The drying of the Brahmaputra is a multifaceted challenge that requires coordinated efforts across environmental, technological, and geopolitical domains. Sustainable management of the river system can ensure ecological balance, economic stability, and regional cooperation, safeguarding the interests of the Northeast and the nation.

✨ APSC Prelims Crash Course, 2025
at most affordable rate in Assam!

🔔 Join Our WhatsApp Study Group!

For exclusive access to premium quality content, including study materials, current affairs, MCQs, and model answers for APSC CCE and other Assam competitive exams.

Click here to join: SuchitraACS Study WhatsApp Group

📚 Want to know more about SuchitraACS’s most affordable courses?

Click here to know more: SuchitraACS Courses for APSC CCE and Assam Competitive Examinations