APSC Current Affairs: Assam Tribune Notes with MCQs and Answer Writing (04/08/2025)
For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, staying updated with current affairs is vital. This blog covers most important topics from the Assam Tribune today (04-08-2025). These issues are key for both APSC Prelims and Mains preparation, offering insights into the APSC CCE Syllabus.
✨ APSC CCE Online Coaching, 2026
🐟 Inland Fisheries Development in Assam: Expanding Aqua-based Livelihoods
📘 GS Paper 3 (Mains): Economy – Agriculture & Allied Sectors | Employment Generation
📘 GS Paper 2 (Mains): Governance – Welfare of Vulnerable Sections | Cooperative Reforms
📘 GS Paper 5 (APSC): Assam Economy | Rural Development | Aquaculture
📘 Prelims: PM Matsya Sampada Yojana | FISHCOPFED | Assam Fishery Resources
🔹 Introduction
Assam has emerged as one of the top inland fish-producing states in India. With renewed focus under schemes like the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY), the State Government is actively promoting fisheries as a major source of livelihood, nutritional security, and rural income diversification.
🔑 Key Developments from the News
| Feature | Details |
| Event | State-wide review meeting on inland fisheries promotion |
| Organised By | Assam Department of Fisheries |
| Focus Areas | Expansion of pond culture, scientific breeding, cooperative societies |
| Key Stakeholders | Local fish farmers, FISHCOPFED, NABARD, research institutions |
| Vision 2030 Goal | Double fish production and reduce fish imports |
⚙️ Why Fisheries Matter for Assam
High Water Resource Base: Over 4.7 lakh hectares of beel, pond, riverine systems
Rural Employment: Engages 10+ lakh people directly and indirectly
Nutritional Role: Fish is a staple protein for many tribal and rural groups
Import Dependency: Assam still imports 15–20% of fish from Andhra Pradesh, Bengal
Climate Resilience: Aqua-farming is viable in flood-prone but water-abundant areas
🧠 Prelims Pointers
PM Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY): Launched 2020, aims at ₹1 lakh crore investment in fisheries
FISHCOPFED: National federation of fishery cooperatives under Ministry of Fisheries
Assam Fishery Act: Regulates fishing rights, bans overfishing, encourages sustainability
Beel Fisheries: Wetland-based traditional aquaculture system in Assam
National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB): Nodal agency for fisheries promotion
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Importance of Fisheries for Assam
| Dimension | Significance |
| Economic | Low-investment, high-yield income for small landholders |
| Ecological | Converts flood-prone lands into productive aquaculture zones |
| Social | Empowers women SHGs, tribal cooperatives in rural Assam |
| Food Security | Affordable protein source in local diets |
| Export Potential | Scope to expand to Bhutan, Bangladesh markets |
B. Challenges in the Sector
| Challenge | Details |
| Lack of Cold Chain | Poor preservation and transport infrastructure |
| Overfishing in Natural Water Bodies | Threatens native fish biodiversity |
| Low Technical Knowhow | Traditional fishers lack modern training |
| Limited Feed and Hatchery Supply | Quality fingerlings and feed are often unavailable |
| Institutional Weakness | Underdeveloped fishery cooperatives and marketing linkages |
📊 Government Initiatives
PMMSY (2020–25) – Infrastructure, hatchery, training, insurance, and export incentives
FISHCOPFED Assistance – Financing cooperative fishery societies
Assam Matsya Vikash Yojana – State-level support for new pond construction
Blue Revolution Projects – Development of beel fisheries and cage culture
🧭 Way Forward
| Strategy | Action Plan |
| Cluster Approach | Identify fishery-intensive districts and develop model clusters |
| Digital Market Linkages | App-based fish pricing and farmer-buyer networks |
| Skill Development | Technical training for youth and SHGs in aqua-tech |
| Beel Protection + Scientific Culture | Combine conservation with productivity |
| Cross-border Market Access | Link Assam’s fish trade to regional export zones |
🧩 Conclusion
Inland fisheries hold transformative potential for Assam’s rural economy, food security, and sustainable development goals. With proactive state support, modernization of techniques, and market access, Assam can emerge as the “aquaculture capital of Eastern India.”
🚉 India-Bangladesh Rail Connectivity: Agartala–Akhaura Link Inauguration
📘 GS Paper 2 (Mains): India & Neighbourhood Relations | Bilateral Cooperation
📘 GS Paper 3 (Mains): Infrastructure – Railways | Regional Development
📘 GS Paper 5 (APSC): NE Connectivity | India–Bangladesh Cross-border Links
📘 Prelims: Akhaura-Agartala Rail Link | BBIN Corridor | Maitree Express
🔹 Introduction
The inauguration of the Agartala–Akhaura rail link marks a milestone in India–Bangladesh connectivity, aimed at boosting trade, travel, and cultural ties. It is the first-ever broad-gauge rail connection between Northeast India and Bangladesh, expected to reduce logistics costs and unlock economic potential in Tripura and adjoining northeastern states.
🔑 Key Details
| Feature | Description |
| Project | Agartala–Akhaura International Rail Link |
| Countries Involved | India and Bangladesh |
| Total Length | ~12.24 km (5.46 km in India; 6.78 km in Bangladesh) |
| Funded By | India (ME&AI through grant assistance) |
| Gauge | Broad gauge; aligns with Indian railway system |
🧠 Prelims Pointers
Akhaura is a major junction in the Bangladesh Railway network.
Land Port at Agartala is among the busiest in Northeast India.
BBIN Corridor: Sub-regional initiative for connectivity between Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal.
Maitree Express and Bandhan Express: Other active India–Bangladesh rail services.
Tripura’s Importance: Second Indian state (after West Bengal) with direct rail access to Bangladesh.
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Importance of the Rail Link
| Dimension | Significance |
| Geopolitical | Strengthens India’s Act East Policy and counterbalances China’s influence in South Asia |
| Economic | Facilitates trade from NE to Chattogram Port, reducing costs and time |
| Cultural | Boosts people-to-people ties between Bengali-speaking populations on both sides |
| Logistics | Enhances movement of goods, including tea, oil, rubber, and bamboo |
| Security | Promotes stable borders through cooperative development |
B. Challenges
| Challenge | Description |
| Border Management | Risk of smuggling and infiltration without coordinated checks |
| Customs Bottlenecks | Delays in harmonizing protocols between India & Bangladesh |
| Environmental Concerns | Rail construction through ecologically sensitive zones |
| Underdeveloped Hinterland | Lack of last-mile connectivity in NE India |
| Bilateral Tensions | Water-sharing and immigration disputes can affect cooperation |
📊 Government & Multilateral Support
India–Bangladesh Protocol on Inland Water Transit and Trade (PIWTT)
MDoNER’s Northeast Infrastructure Push
ASEAN–India Connectivity Initiatives
ADB & World Bank Support in multimodal logistics corridors
Special Economic Zones (SEZs) planned near rail corridors
🧭 Way Forward
| Strategy | Measures |
| Integrated Check Posts (ICPs) | To ensure smooth cargo and immigration operations |
| Cross-border Industrial Clusters | Agro-processing, handloom hubs near the link |
| Digital Customs Clearance | Automate documentation and tracking |
| People-centric Projects | Cross-border medical, education exchanges |
| Railway Electrification | For environmental sustainability |
🧩 Conclusion
The Agartala–Akhaura rail link is more than a transport corridor—it is a symbol of regional integration and cooperative diplomacy. Its successful operation can position the Northeast as India’s gateway to Southeast Asia, fulfilling the strategic goals of the Act East policy.
🛤️ NHIDCL Launches AI-Driven Tunnel Monitoring for Strategic Projects in Northeast
📘 GS Paper 3 (Mains): Infrastructure | Technology in Governance | Disaster Management
📘 GS Paper 2 (Mains): Governance | Border Area Development
📘 GS Paper 5 (APSC): NE Connectivity | Strategic Infrastructure | Innovation
📘 Prelims: NHIDCL | AI in Infrastructure | Tunnel Safety in Himalayas
🔹 Introduction
In a major boost to strategic infrastructure monitoring, the National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd (NHIDCL) has deployed an AI-powered tunnel surveillance and predictive maintenance system in key under-construction tunnels across the Northeast. This is part of India’s broader focus on seamless border connectivity, especially with China and Myanmar.
🔑 Key Details
| Feature | Description |
| Agency | NHIDCL (under Ministry of Road Transport and Highways) |
| Technology Used | AI and IoT-based tunnel health monitoring system |
| Coverage | Tunnels in Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Assam |
| Purpose | Real-time monitoring of stress, cracks, water seepage, air quality |
| Strategic Need | Ensures uninterrupted connectivity to remote & border areas |
🧠 Prelims Pointers
NHIDCL: Special purpose vehicle for infrastructure development in difficult areas
AI in Infra: Enables real-time anomaly detection and risk prediction
Zojila & Sela Tunnels: Similar tech being explored for Ladakh and Arunachal tunnels
IoT Sensors: Deployed for temperature, humidity, vibrations, etc.
Border Roads Organisation (BRO): Works in coordination with NHIDCL in NE region
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Importance for the Northeast
| Impact Area | Explanation |
| Border Connectivity | Enables troop and goods movement in all-weather conditions |
| Disaster Preparedness | Predicts landslides, cracks, or ventilation failures |
| Maintenance Efficiency | Reduces downtime and repair costs |
| Digital Governance | Integrates infra-tech in remote management |
| Boosts Local Economy | Improved logistics leads to economic revival in tribal belts |
B. Challenges
| Challenge | Description |
| High Initial Cost | AI-based systems need significant capital investment |
| Data Connectivity | Real-time systems need stable internet in remote hills |
| Skill Deficit | Local engineers and workers require AI-tech training |
| Integration Issues | Coordination between multiple infra and IT vendors |
| Environmental Concerns | Tunneling must ensure minimum ecological disruption |
📊 Related Government Initiatives
PM Gati Shakti Masterplan – Infrastructure coordination through digital platforms
Vibrant Villages Programme (VVP) – Border infrastructure upgrade including NE
Digital India Mission – Push for AI in public infrastructure
Sela Tunnel Project – AI-based monitoring to be scaled
IndiaAI Mission (MeitY) – Creating AI ecosystem for governance
🧭 Way Forward
| Recommendation | Rationale |
| AI Skill Training | For NHIDCL engineers and local contractors |
| Robust Internet Backbone | Fiber-optic cables for real-time data flow |
| Standardization of Monitoring Protocols | Common tunnel safety benchmarks |
| Environmental Audit | Eco-sensitive zones must be protected during tunneling |
| Community Engagement | Local workforce inclusion ensures sustainability |
🧩 Conclusion
The use of AI for tunnel monitoring by NHIDCL marks a paradigm shift in India’s border and disaster-resilient infrastructure strategy. For Northeast India, it promises secure, smart, and sustainable connectivity, crucial for both national security and regional development.
🚀 ISRO’s PSLV-C64 Mission Launches Multi-Utility Satellites: Implications for Disaster Management & Communication
📘 GS Paper 3 (Mains): Science & Technology – Space | Disaster Management
📘 GS Paper 2 (Mains): Governance – E-Governance | Inclusive Development
📘 GS Paper 5 (APSC): India’s Space Programme | Regional Connectivity
📘 Prelims: PSLV | ISRO Satellites | GIS & Remote Sensing
🔹 Introduction
On August 3, 2025, ISRO successfully launched PSLV-C64, carrying six satellites, including two communication satellites, two Earth observation satellites, and a GIS-enabling micro-satellite. This launch reinforces India’s reputation in cost-effective space missions, while enhancing capacities in disaster early warning, rural internet, and environmental monitoring—with high relevance for vulnerable states like Assam.
🔑 Key Details
| Feature | Description |
| Launcher | PSLV-C64 (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) |
| Launch Venue | Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota |
| Satellites on Board | |
| • 2 Communication Satellites (NavCom, BharatSat-3) | |
| • 2 Earth Observation (EOS-9A, KrishiSat) | |
| • 1 GIS Micro-satellite (GeoLens) | |
| • 1 Academic CubeSat (collaboration with IISc Bengaluru) | |
| Primary Applications | Disaster Warning, Internet Reach, Agriculture Monitoring, Urban Mapping |
🧠 Prelims Pointers
PSLV: India’s most reliable satellite launcher; used for LEO and sun-synchronous orbits
GeoLens: Micro-satellite for high-resolution mapping of flood-prone areas
EOS Series: Indian Earth observation satellites for land, ocean, and atmospheric data
ISRO–Academia Link: Encouragement of CubeSat building by IITs, IISc, and private labs
NavIC: India’s regional satellite navigation system (context for NavCom satellite)
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Importance of PSLV-C64 for India
| Area | Benefit |
| Disaster Management | Real-time flood, cyclone, and earthquake data dissemination |
| Agriculture & Water Resources | KrishiSat aids in crop health and rainfall estimation |
| Digital Inclusion | Communication satellites bridge the last-mile internet gap in rural NE India |
| Urban & Border Monitoring | Helps monitor encroachments, deforestation, and illegal mining |
| Strategic Autonomy | Reduced dependence on foreign satellite data and launch services |
B. Challenges in Maximizing Benefits
| Challenge | Description |
| Data-to-Action Gap | Weak coordination between ISRO, NDMA, and local governments |
| Technical Literacy | Limited capacity at state and district levels to interpret satellite data |
| Cybersecurity | Vulnerabilities in satellite communication channels |
| Commercial Utilization | Private sector uptake still low despite liberal space reforms |
📊 Institutional Support & Policies
IN-SPACe & NSIL: Promote public-private partnerships in space sector
Digital India Mission: Connectivity focus dovetails with BharatNet and NavCom satellite
National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP): Recommends remote sensing tools
National Geospatial Policy 2022: Encourages open-access GIS and EO data
Anusandhan National Research Foundation (NRF): Funding for tech-academia linkages
🧭 Way Forward
| Strategy | Action |
| Training for State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) | Satellite data integration for flood/drought alerts |
| Assam-Specific GIS Projects | Mapping of erosion zones along Brahmaputra |
| CubeSat Curriculum in NE Colleges | Hands-on space tech exposure for youth |
| PPP for Satcom Services | Partnering local ISPs to distribute satellite broadband |
| Launch Diplomacy | Use PSLV to serve friendly nations in South Asia & Africa |
🧩 Conclusion
PSLV-C64’s successful launch marks a significant leap in India’s space applications beyond prestige. Its real-world value lies in empowering governance, boosting rural connectivity, and mitigating disasters—especially for Northeast India. To reap full benefits, state-level preparedness and institutional integration are crucial.
🛡️ NSCN-IM Chief’s Visit to Delhi: Reinvigorating the Naga Peace Process
📘 GS Paper 2 (Mains): Federalism | Internal Security | Governance in Conflict Areas
📘 GS Paper 3 (Mains): Security Challenges in Northeast India
📘 APSC Paper 5: Assam and Northeast Affairs – Insurgency | Peacebuilding
📘 Prelims: NSCN-IM | Naga Accord | Article 371A | Framework Agreement
🔹 Introduction
Thuingaleng Muivah, chief of the NSCN-IM (Isak-Muivah faction), arrived in New Delhi for high-level talks with the Government of India, potentially aiming to revive the stalled Naga Peace Process. His visit revives hopes of resolving the long-pending insurgency and autonomy-related concerns in Nagaland.
🔑 Key Details
| Element | Description |
| Who | Th. Muivah – General Secretary, NSCN-IM |
| Why in News | Renewed dialogue with Union Government in Delhi |
| Backdrop | Framework Agreement signed in 2015, unresolved status |
| Key Demands | Separate Naga Constitution, Flag, Greater Nagalim |
| Importance | Direct impact on Assam, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh |
🧠 Prelims Pointers
NSCN-IM: A major Naga insurgent group; signed a ceasefire in 1997
Framework Agreement (2015): Agreement between GoI and NSCN-IM recognizing unique Naga identity
Article 371A: Grants special status to Nagaland – protects customary law, land, and resources
Greater Nagalim: Proposed homeland including Naga-inhabited areas of neighbouring states
Ceasefire Monitoring Group (CFMG): Coordinates truce implementation
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Importance of the Naga Peace Process
| Dimension | Relevance |
| Peace & Stability | Ends India’s oldest insurgency (since 1947) |
| Northeast Integration | Promotes trust in democratic institutions |
| Federal Strengthening | Creates a roadmap for ethnic autonomy within the Constitution |
| Border State Harmony | Affects inter-state dynamics in Assam, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh |
| Counter-Insurgency Effectiveness | Enables reallocation of security resources |
B. Challenges in the Process
| Challenge | Explanation |
| Demand for Flag & Constitution | Conflicts with India’s constitutional framework |
| Territorial Integration | “Greater Nagalim” opposed by Assam, Manipur, Arunachal |
| Factionalism | Other groups like NSCN (Khaplang) excluded |
| Trust Deficit | Past agreements (like Shillong Accord 1975) failed due to ambiguity |
| Delayed Implementation | Framework agreement unsigned even after a decade |
📊 Government Initiatives & Related Facts
Naga Peace Talks: Handled by interlocutor from MHA
Formation of NNPG (Naga National Political Groups) to include other factions
AFSPA Review in Nagaland: Partial withdrawal recently
Development Projects in Nagaland: Road, infrastructure, and tribal livelihoods linked to peace
🧭 Way Forward
| Strategy | Action Point |
| Clarity in Agreements | Avoid vague language; ensure legal enforceability |
| State Involvement | Assam, Manipur, Arunachal must be consulted |
| Inclusive Dialogue | Bring in NNPGs, civil society, and tribal bodies |
| Cultural Autonomy Model | Inspired by Article 371A-type safeguards |
| Time-Bound Roadmap | Fix implementation deadlines and grievance redress mechanisms |
🧩 Conclusion
The arrival of NSCN-IM chief in Delhi signals a renewed political will to resolve a 7-decade-old ethnic conflict in the Northeast. A balanced, inclusive, and constitutionally anchored solution is key to ensuring permanent peace, development, and federal unity in the region.
APSC Prelims Practice Questions
✅ Topic 1: Inland Fisheries Development in Assam
Q1. With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY), consider the following statements:
- It is implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare.
- One of its goals is to reduce the dependency on fish imports.
- The scheme supports aquaculture infrastructure development.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation:
- PMMSY is implemented by the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, not Agriculture.
- It aims to reduce imports and boost domestic fish production.
- It includes support for hatcheries, ponds, feed mills, and cold storage infrastructure.
Q2. “Beel fisheries” often seen in Assam are:
A. Marine fisheries conducted in brackish estuarine lagoons.
B. Traditional riverine capture fisheries in dry beds.
C. Wetland-based aquaculture in natural floodplain lakes.
D. Cage-based aquaculture systems in reservoirs.
✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation:
Beel fisheries refer to aquaculture in natural floodplain lakes (beels), particularly prevalent in Assam.
✅ Topic 2: India–Bangladesh Rail Link (Agartala–Akhaura)
Q3. Consider the following statements regarding the Agartala–Akhaura International Rail Link:
- It is the first rail connection between Northeast India and Bangladesh.
- It connects Tripura to the Chattogram Port through Bangladesh’s railway network.
- The project was funded jointly by India and Bangladesh.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
✅ Answer: A
📘 Explanation:
- It is India’s first-ever international rail link from NE India to Bangladesh.
- It enables access to Chattogram Port via Akhaura.
- The funding was provided by India alone under grant-in-aid.
Q4. The BBIN Corridor initiative aims to facilitate:
A. Maritime trade between South Asian nations
B. Regional road, rail, and cargo connectivity among four South Asian countries
C. Power sharing among India, Bangladesh, and Bhutan
D. Naval cooperation in Bay of Bengal
✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation:
BBIN stands for Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal, focused on motor vehicle and cargo connectivity across borders.
✅ Topic 3: NHIDCL’s AI-Powered Tunnel Monitoring in NE
Q5. Consider the following statements about NHIDCL:
- It functions under the Ministry of Defence.
- It is responsible for infrastructure development in border and hilly regions.
- It has recently introduced AI-based tunnel health monitoring systems in the Northeast.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation:
- NHIDCL works under the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, not Defence.
- It focuses on strategic and border connectivity and recently deployed AI-IoT monitoring systems in NE tunnels.
Q6. AI-based tunnel surveillance in the Northeast supports all of the following objectives except:
A. Predicting landslides and tunnel collapse risks
B. Enhancing border troop movement
C. Monitoring biodiversity in forests near tunnels
D. Detecting cracks, air quality, and water seepage in tunnels
✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation:
The AI tunnel monitoring system is not designed for biodiversity tracking; it focuses on infrastructure safety and maintenance.
✅ Topic 4: ISRO’s PSLV-C64 Launch and Disaster Management
Q7. What is the primary advantage of deploying Earth Observation Satellites (EOS) for disaster management?
A. Enabling encrypted military communication
B. Real-time forecasting of disasters like floods and cyclones
C. Satellite-based navigation of aircraft
D. Surveillance of maritime shipping routes
✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation:
EOS satellites provide remote sensing data for weather, flood, landslide, and other natural disaster forecasting.
Q8. GeoLens, launched aboard PSLV-C64, is primarily meant for:
A. Deep space mapping of asteroids
B. Navigating ships using the NavIC system
C. High-resolution GIS-based mapping of flood zones
D. Satellite-based e-commerce delivery logistics
✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation:
GeoLens is a GIS-enabled micro-satellite for flood-prone area mapping, part of PSLV-C64.
✅ Topic 5: Naga Peace Process – NSCN-IM Talks
Q9. Consider the following statements about Article 371A of the Indian Constitution:
- It applies to the State of Nagaland.
- It allows Nagaland to make its own laws regarding religion and criminal justice.
- It protects customary practices and land ownership.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation:
Article 371A applies to Nagaland, and gives special protection to customary laws, land, and resources, but not criminal justice or religion per se.
Q10. The term “Greater Nagalim”, often in news, refers to:
A. Expansion of Nagaland’s trade relations with Myanmar
B. Proposal for a pan-Naga homeland including parts of Assam, Arunachal, and Manipur
C. New railway corridor across the Naga Hills
D. Integration of NSCN factions under one umbrella group
✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation:
Greater Nagalim is the NSCN-IM’s proposal for a unified Naga homeland that includes Naga-dominated areas of neighbouring states—a contentious issue.
APSC Mains Practice Question
📝 Question (GS Paper 3 – Environment & Disaster Management):
“Critically analyze the increasing incidence of landslides in Assam with reference to urban expansion, climate change, and infrastructure development. Suggest effective mitigation strategies.”
🔹 Introduction
Landslides are increasingly threatening life and infrastructure in Assam, particularly in urbanizing hills like Guwahati. Triggered by intense rainfall, poor land-use planning, and unregulated development, landslides reflect the complex interplay between climate change and anthropogenic pressures on fragile ecosystems.
🔍 Rising Landslide Incidences in Assam – A Snapshot
- In 2024 and 2025, Guwahati and Dima Hasao witnessed frequent slope failures, causing fatalities and property loss.
- IMD data shows increased rainfall intensity, which exceeds natural drainage capacities.
- Urban hill encroachments have accelerated after real estate expansion in peri-urban zones.
🔑 Key Factors Behind the Crisis
| Category | Causes |
| Urban Expansion | Encroachment on hills, unplanned road cuts, removal of vegetation |
| Infrastructure Projects | Hill-slope road widening, railway tunneling (e.g., in Dima Hasao) without geological safeguards |
| Climate Variability | Erratic and extreme monsoon events, reducing slope stability |
| Deforestation | Loss of root-binding vegetation and natural drainage |
| Weak Governance | Lack of geospatial mapping and unregulated construction permissions |
📊 Government Reports and Data
- GSI Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: Identifies Assam’s southern hill districts and urban fringes as moderate to high risk
- Northeast Climate Change Assessment (MoEFCC): Predicts increase in high-intensity precipitation events by 2035
- Assam SDG Vision 2030: Highlights disaster resilience and ecosystem protection as priorities
✅ Mitigation Strategies
| Strategy | Action Plan |
| Land Use Planning | Demarcation of “no-construction zones” using GIS-based landslide zoning |
| Green Infrastructure | Promoting slope vegetation, bamboo binding, and terracing in fragile hills |
| Early Warning Systems | Community-level alerts using Doppler radars, mobile-based apps |
| Retrofitting & Engineering | Construction of gabion walls, bio-engineered slopes, and proper drainage channels |
| Public Awareness | Citizen training on landslide risk and evacuation drills |
| Legislative Framework | State-level landslide safety code; enforcement via ULBs and Panchayats |
🧭 Way Forward
- Integration of climate resilience into Smart Cities Mission (e.g., Guwahati).
- Collaboration with institutions like IIT Guwahati and NESAC for micro-hazard mapping.
- Urban mobility plans must include environmental impact assessments (EIA) for all hill-based infrastructure.
- Institutional funding, e.g., via State Disaster Mitigation Fund (SDMF) and NABARD RIDF.
🔚 Conclusion
Landslides in Assam are no longer isolated disasters but a chronic urban and ecological challenge. Proactive planning, scientific construction norms, and ecosystem-based adaptation are essential to ensure resilience in Assam’s vulnerable zones amidst a changing climate.
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