APSC Current Affairs: Assam Tribune Notes with MCQs and Answer Writing (04/07/2025)
For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, staying updated with current affairs is vital. This blog covers most important topics from the Assam Tribune today (04-07-2025). These issues are key for both APSC Prelims and Mains preparation, offering insights into the APSC CCE Syllabus.
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🌲 Illegal Diversion of Forest Land in Assam: A Legal and Environmental Crisis
📘 GS Paper 3 (Mains): Environment | Conservation | Governance
📘 GS Paper 2 (Mains): Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi-judicial Bodies
📘 GS Paper 5 (APSC): Biodiversity, Environment and Governance in Assam
📘 Prelims: Van (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan) Adhiniyam, 1980 | MoEF&CC | NGT
🔹 Introduction
Environmental governance is often tested when development priorities conflict with ecological preservation. The recent illegal construction in Assam’s reserve forests highlights serious lapses in forest law enforcement.
🔑 Key Points from the News
| Feature | Description |
| Location of Violation | Geleky Reserve Forest (Sivasagar) & Innerline RF (Hailakandi) |
| Land Area | 44 hectares (Hailakandi), 11.5 hectares built-up area (Geleky) |
| Purpose Claimed | Tent facilities for Commando Battalion |
| Actual Activity | Large-scale construction using ~500 workers without Central approval |
| Inspecting Authority | Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Regional Office |
| Law Violated | Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 (Van Adhiniyam) |
| Accused | Then PCCF and HoFF, M. K. Yadava |
| Action Initiated | Show cause notice, legal action ordered by MoEF&CC |
| Follow-up Required | Action Taken Reports (ATRs) by DFOs every 45 days |
🧠 Prelims Pointers
Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980: Central law requiring Union Government clearance before using forest land for non-forest purposes.
MoEF&CC: Nodal ministry for forest diversion approvals.
NGT (National Green Tribunal): Quasi-judicial body for environmental disputes.
PCCF/HoFF: Principal Chief Conservator of Forests / Head of Forest Force – state’s top forest official.
Innerline Reserve Forest (ILRF): Protected forest area under Assam Forest Department.
Section 2 of the FCA: Prohibits state governments from diverting forest land for non-forest use without Central Government approval.
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Significance / Importance
| Aspect | Explanation |
| Environmental Protection | Preserving forest cover in biodiversity-rich Assam |
| Legal Compliance | Upholding constitutional and statutory frameworks |
| Ecological Balance | Avoiding habitat fragmentation and species displacement |
| Climate Commitments | Forests as carbon sinks under India’s INDC targets |
B. Challenges Highlighted
| Challenge | Details |
| Institutional Misuse | Unauthorized clearance granted by state officials |
| Weak Monitoring | Large-scale illegal construction went undetected initially |
| Lack of Transparency | Information surfaced only after RTI by conservationist |
| Forest-Development Tensions | Police infrastructure vs forest protection conflict |
C. Government Initiatives
| Initiative | Details |
| Inspection by MoEF&CC | Detected violations, ordered corrective action |
| Show-cause Notice | Issued to state-level forest authority |
| Periodic Reporting | State directed to send ATRs every month |
| Legal Action | Mandated against violators under Forest Act provisions |
D. Way Ahead
| Suggestion | Implementation |
| Digital Land Use Monitoring | Use satellite and GIS for real-time alerts |
| Strengthen Accountability | Strict penalties for senior bureaucratic violations |
| Public Involvement | Encourage whistleblowing and RTI activism |
| Training for Forest Officers | Regular workshops on legal compliance |
📊 Relevant Policies and Institutions
Forest Conservation Rules, 2022
Compensatory Afforestation Fund (CAMPA)
State Forest Policy of Assam
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006
🧩 Conclusion
The illegal diversion of forest land in Assam exposes not just environmental degradation but a systemic failure in regulatory oversight. Upholding the rule of law and ensuring ecological integrity must guide any development strategy, especially in ecologically sensitive zones like Assam.
🦟 Japanese Encephalitis in Assam: A Public Health Concern Spreading Beyond Traditional Zones
📘 GS Paper 2 (Mains): Health | Government Interventions
📘 GS Paper 3 (Mains): Disaster Management (Epidemics)
📘 GS Paper 5 (APSC): Health Sector in Assam | Epidemic Control
📘 Prelims: JE Virus | Vector-Borne Diseases | National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP)
🔹 Introduction
Japanese Encephalitis (JE), a recurring seasonal health hazard in Assam, has now begun spreading beyond its traditional geographic limits. This evolving trend poses new challenges for disease surveillance and rural health infrastructure.
🔑 Key Points from the News
| Feature | Description |
| Outbreak Status | 10 deaths and 134 cases reported till early July 2025 |
| Shift in Geography | JE now spreading to non-traditional districts like Nalbari, Barpeta, Darrang, and Jorhat |
| Transmission Vector | Culex mosquito (JE virus spreads from pigs/cattle to humans) |
| Traditional Zones | Previously common in Upper Assam districts |
| Seasonality | Outbreak begins in May, peaks in July, ends by August |
| Government Response | Fogging operations, household visits, mosquito net campaigns |
| Vaccination Protocol | Begins in September (pre-emptive) based on vulnerability zones |
| JE Treatment | Free testing and treatment at Govt hospitals in Assam |
🧠 Prelims Pointers
Culex Mosquito: Primary vector for Japanese Encephalitis.
JE Virus (JEV): Flavivirus family; causes inflammation of the brain.
Zoonotic Cycle: JE virus transmitted from pigs/cattle to humans via mosquito bites.
National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP): Nodal scheme under Ministry of Health.
JE Vaccine: Live-attenuated SA 14-14-2 used in India’s Universal Immunization Programme (UIP).
Endemic Districts: Assam is one of the JE-endemic states in India.
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Importance of the Topic
| Aspect | Relevance |
| Public Health Security | JE remains a leading cause of viral encephalitis in Assam |
| Rural Vulnerability | Affects areas with livestock-human proximity and weak health infra |
| Health Infrastructure | Tests primary care response systems in non-traditional districts |
| Inter-sectoral Approach | Involves coordination across Health, Veterinary, Panchayati Raj departments |
B. Challenges
| Challenge | Explanation |
| New Geography | Outbreak in non-traditional districts makes planning harder |
| Delay in Vaccination | Vaccines administered in September, not during peak outbreak months |
| Vector Resistance | Fogging efficacy reduced due to monsoon wash-offs |
| Awareness Gaps | Residents unaware of JE symptoms or prevention protocols |
| Animal-Human Interface | Livestock kept near homes increases transmission risk |
C. Government Initiatives
| Programme | Details |
| Fogging Operations | Conducted pre-season in high-risk areas |
| Health Worker Outreach | Distribution of mosquito nets, awareness generation |
| JE Vaccination Drive | Focused on vulnerable zones (not whole population) |
| Free JE Treatment | Available at Govt. health facilities |
| Disease Surveillance | District-wise reporting and lab testing |
D. Way Ahead
| Solution | Strategy |
| Early Warning Systems | Map vector density and outbreak signals with real-time tech |
| Reschedule Vaccination | Begin drives in March-April to immunize before peak |
| Strengthen Rural Healthcare | Set up mobile health camps in emerging hot-spots |
| One Health Approach | Integrate animal husbandry, health and environment sectors |
| Community Engagement | Involve local leaders and schools in vector awareness campaigns |
📊 Relevant Policies and Frameworks
National Health Mission (NHM) – Assam’s implementation includes JE control.
Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) – JE vaccine is part of it.
WHO JE Strategy – Focus on pig surveillance, vaccination, and integrated response.
State Action Plan for Vector Control – Assam’s district-specific fogging and IEC efforts.
🧩 Conclusion
Japanese Encephalitis in Assam is no longer confined to its traditional strongholds. Tackling this shifting epidemiological pattern requires decentralized planning, pre-emptive vaccination, and a robust public health ecosystem responsive to evolving disease burdens.
🌾 Eviction Drive in Lakhimpur: Land Rights, Encroachment and Governance
📘 GS Paper 2 (Mains): Governance | Welfare Policies | Vulnerable Sections
📘 GS Paper 3 (Mains): Land Reforms | Internal Security
📘 GS Paper 5 (APSC): Governance in Assam | Land Management & Conflict
📘 Prelims: Village Grazing Reserve (VGR) | Land Revenue Laws | Eviction Policy in Assam
🔹 Introduction
Eviction drives in Assam, especially in sensitive districts like Lakhimpur, reflect a complex intersection of land governance, legal enforcement, and socio-political tensions involving indigenous rights and encroachment.
🔑 Key Points from the News
| Feature | Description |
| Location | Lakhimpur district – 4 sites, including three Village Grazing Reserves (VGRs) |
| Land Cleared | 235 bighas (~78 acres) |
| Number of Families Evicted | 220 families |
| Ethnic Composition | 25 indigenous families, rest Bengali-speaking Muslims |
| Notice Period | Eviction notice issued on June 29, 2025 |
| Eviction Execution Date | July 3, 2025 |
| Security Deployment | 400 personnel deployed for enforcement |
| Government Stand | Claimed due process was followed; alternative land offered to indigenous families |
| Local Tensions | Sensitive ethnic dynamics, though no violence reported during the drive |
🧠 Prelims Pointers
Village Grazing Reserve (VGR): Notified land in Assam set aside for cattle grazing; protected under land laws.
Encroachment: Unauthorized occupation of public or forest/government land.
Eviction Protocol: Legal notices must be served; opportunity for hearing/document verification given.
Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition Act, 2013: Mandates fair compensation for legal landholders (not applicable to encroachments).
Assam Land Revenue Regulation Act, 1886: Governs land tenure and occupancy rights in Assam.
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Importance of the Topic
| Aspect | Relevance |
| Land Governance | Addresses illegal occupation of public grazing lands |
| Rule of Law | Demonstrates enforcement of legal eviction under state authority |
| Indigenous Protection | State claims to rehabilitate indigenous families |
| Political Sensitivity | Ethno-religious implications of eviction often politicized in Assam |
B. Challenges
| Challenge | Explanation |
| Humanitarian Concerns | Large-scale eviction without resettlement leads to displacement |
| Legal Gray Areas | Many families lack formal documentation due to historical neglect |
| Ethnic Polarization | Demographic profiling of evictees may fuel communal tensions |
| Lack of Rehabilitation Policy | Assam lacks a uniform, humane rehabilitation framework post-eviction |
| Livelihood Impact | Most families rely on agriculture or manual labour on encroached lands |
C. Government Initiatives
| Initiative | Details |
| Eviction Notice Protocol | Served on June 29, opportunity to submit land documents given |
| Alternative Land | Promised to 25 indigenous families |
| Law Enforcement Deployment | Ensured peaceful eviction (400 personnel used) |
| Public Communication | Admin cited legal occupation and public interest for the eviction drive |
D. Way Ahead
| Solution | Recommendation |
| Rehabilitation Framework | Develop state policy for humane eviction and rehabilitation |
| Land Digitization | Accelerate digitization of land records and ownership claims |
| Community Dialogue | Engage civil society in sensitive eviction zones to prevent escalation |
| Legal Aid & Verification | Provide legal counsel and document verification help to informal settlers |
| Define Public Purpose | Ensure evictions are linked to legally tenable and developmental objectives |
📊 Relevant Policies and Acts
Assam Land Policy 2019
Assam VGR/PGR (Protection) Rules
Right to Livelihood under Article 21 – Judicially interpreted
UN Basic Principles on Evictions and Displacement (used in NHRC advisories)
🧩 Conclusion
The Lakhimpur eviction drive is emblematic of Assam’s ongoing struggle to balance legal land management with the socio-economic rights of vulnerable populations. A policy that integrates fairness, rehabilitation, and legality is essential for sustainable land governance.
🐘 Human-Elephant Conflict in Rani Region: Conservation, Coexistence, and Community Action
📘 GS Paper 3 (Mains): Environment | Biodiversity & Wildlife Conservation
📘 GS Paper 2 (Mains): Governance | Role of NGOs & Community-Based Interventions
📘 GS Paper 5 (APSC): Assam-Specific Ecology | Wildlife Management | Community Initiatives
📘 Prelims: Elephant Corridors | Project Elephant | Mitigation Strategies | Conflict Zones in Assam
🔹 Introduction
Human-elephant conflict (HEC) has emerged as a persistent conservation and livelihood challenge in Assam, particularly in the Rani area near the Assam-Meghalaya border. Innovative local actions, such as the installation of warning signboards, represent a proactive step toward mitigating the threat to both human and elephant lives.
🔑 Key Points from the News
| Feature | Description |
| Location | Rani Moirapur-Nalapara and Surpani-Garopara, West Guwahati (Assam-Meghalaya border) |
| Type of Initiative | Installation of cautionary signboards in elephant movement zones |
| Organisers | We Foundation India & Lasha Share and Care Foundation, in collaboration with Forest Department |
| Forest Official Involved | Ashok Kumar Dev Choudhury, DFO, East Kamrup Division |
| Community Participation | Local farmers, students, and residents actively involved |
| Objective | Reduce fatal encounters by alerting commuters and raising awareness |
| Background | Rani region has long experienced distress due to frequent wild elephant incursions |
🧠 Prelims Pointers
Human-Elephant Conflict (HEC): Result of shrinking habitats, crop raiding, property damage, and human/elephant deaths.
Elephant Corridors in Assam: Over 20 identified, including Rani Reserve Forest.
Project Elephant (1992): Central govt initiative for elephant conservation and conflict mitigation.
Asian Elephant Status: Endangered (IUCN Red List); Schedule I of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
Mitigation Tools: Early warning systems, watch towers, signboards, solar fencing, bee boxes.
Assam State Biodiversity Strategy: Includes community-based conservation plans for conflict zones.
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Importance of the Issue
| Area | Significance |
| Ecological | Elephants are keystone species that maintain forest ecosystems |
| Human Safety | Lives and property are at constant risk due to frequent incursions |
| Conservation | Assam has ~20% of India’s wild elephant population |
| Community Empowerment | Local participation is critical to sustainable solutions |
B. Challenges in Mitigation
| Challenge | Explanation |
| Habitat Fragmentation | Due to agriculture, linear infrastructure, quarrying |
| Lack of Early Warning | People unaware of elephant movements during migration hours |
| Crop Raiding | Causes massive economic losses to small farmers |
| Retaliatory Killings | Fear and frustration lead to elephant deaths |
| Policy Gaps | Delayed compensation and lack of integrated forest planning |
C. Government and NGO Initiatives
| Intervention | Description |
| Signboard Campaign | NGOs + Forest Dept. effort to prevent accidents and educate the public |
| Elephant Deterrence Committees | Local bodies like Rani Moirapur Regional Elephant Deterrence Committee formed |
| Community Involvement | Farmers like Jon Rabha and Shiv Thakuria actively participate |
| Elephant Corridors Mapping | Done by Wildlife Trust of India (WTI) and Forest Dept. |
| Compensation Scheme | Assam government offers monetary compensation for human/elephant casualties and crop damage |
D. Way Ahead
| Strategy | Implementation Suggestion |
| Tech-Based Monitoring | Use of GPS collars, drones, and mobile alerts for elephant tracking |
| Community-Based Eco-Tourism | Incentivize protection through tourism revenue in forest-fringe villages |
| Corridor Restoration | Acquire and demarcate critical migration routes to avoid settlements |
| Fast-Track Compensation | Digitize verification for quicker crop and damage claim settlements |
| School-Based Awareness | Educate youth in conflict-prone villages on safe behavior and elephant ecology |
📊 Relevant Reports and Frameworks
Elephant Task Force Report, 2010 – “Gajah” Report
India’s National Biodiversity Action Plan
State Action Plan on Climate Change (Assam) – Focuses on human-wildlife interaction zones
Elephant Corridors of India (WTI Report)
Assam Forest Department’s Elephant Mitigation Guidelines
🧩 Conclusion
The human-elephant conflict in Assam’s Rani region calls for an empathetic and multi-stakeholder approach. Initiatives like warning signboards showcase how community action, backed by government and NGOs, can transform confrontation into coexistence.
APSC Prelims Practice Questions
🔹 TOPIC 1: Illegal Diversion of Forest Land in Assam
Q1. Which of the following actions require prior approval of the Central Government under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980?
- Construction of roads through reserved forests
- Mining operations in forest land
- Establishment of a police battalion camp on forest land
- Collection of minor forest produce by tribals
Select the correct answer using the code below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1, 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) 2 and 4 only
✅ Answer: (b)
📘 Explanation:
Under Section 2 of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, prior approval from the Central Government is required for non-forest use of forest land including construction (1), mining (2), and permanent infrastructure like police battalions (3). However, collection of minor forest produce (4) is allowed for tribals under the Forest Rights Act.
Q2. The “Van (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan) Adhiniyam, 1980” refers to which of the following in English?
(a) The Indian Forest Act
(b) The Environment Protection Act
(c) The Forest (Conservation) Act
(d) The Wildlife Protection Act
✅ Answer: (c)
📘 Explanation:
“Van (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan) Adhiniyam, 1980” is the Hindi title of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, which regulates diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes.
🔹 TOPIC 2: Japanese Encephalitis (JE) in Assam
Q3. Consider the following pairs:
| Disease | Primary Vector |
| 1. Japanese Encephalitis | Aedes aegypti |
| 2. Malaria | Anopheles mosquito |
| 3. Kala-azar | Sandfly |
Which of the pairs are correctly matched?
(a) 2 and 3 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
✅ Answer: (a)
📘 Explanation:
- Japanese Encephalitis is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes, not Aedes.
- Malaria is caused by Plasmodium and spread by Anopheles (✔).
- Kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) is spread by sandflies (✔).
Q4. With reference to Japanese Encephalitis (JE), consider the following statements:
- JE is caused by a bacterium that spreads through contaminated water.
- JE outbreaks are limited only to the traditional districts of Upper Assam.
- JE vaccination is provided under India’s Universal Immunization Programme.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1 and 2 only
✅ Answer: (b)
📘 Explanation:
- Statement 1 is wrong: JE is caused by JE virus (JEV), not a bacterium.
- Statement 2 is wrong: The recent outbreak in non-traditional districts shows its geographical spread.
- Statement 3 is correct: JE vaccine is part of UIP in endemic zones.
🔹 TOPIC 3: Eviction Drive in Lakhimpur
Q5. Assertion (A): The Assam government is conducting eviction drives in Village Grazing Reserves (VGRs).
Reason (R): Village Grazing Reserves are notified lands that cannot be used for any purpose other than grazing.
Choose the correct answer:
(a) A is correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) A is correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is incorrect but R is correct.
(d) Both A and R are incorrect.
✅ Answer: (a)
📘 Explanation:
Village Grazing Reserves (VGRs) are legally protected community resources designated for cattle grazing. The eviction drive aims to remove encroachments to restore their intended use, hence R correctly explains A.
Q6. Which of the following are correct implications of eviction drives in India?
- Restoration of common property resources
- Forced displacement of marginalized groups
- Strengthening rule of law and public trust
- Immediate rehabilitation of all evictees
Select the correct answer:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1, 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) 2, 3 and 4 only
✅ Answer: (b)
📘 Explanation:
While eviction can help restore public lands (1) and uphold legality (3), it often leads to displacement (2). However, rehabilitation is not always immediate or guaranteed (4 is incorrect).
🔹 TOPIC 4: Human-Elephant Conflict in Rani Region
Q7. Consider the following strategies used in India to mitigate human-elephant conflict:
- Use of bee-box fencing
- Installation of elephant detection sensors
- Creation of biological corridors
- Construction of electric fences along highways
Which of the above are scientific mitigation approaches currently in use?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 1 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 4 only
(d) All of the above
✅ Answer: (a)
📘 Explanation:
- Bee boxes (1): Used as elephants avoid bees.
- Sensors (2): Help track elephant movement.
- Corridors (3): Essential for safe migration.
- Electric fences on highways (4) can endanger animals and are not a preferred method.
Q8. Match the following Elephant-related initiatives with their purposes:
| Initiative | Objective |
| A. Project Elephant | 1. Legal protection and habitat improvement |
| B. Gajah Report (2010) | 2. Comprehensive strategy for coexistence |
| C. Wildlife Trust of India (WTI) | 3. Mapping and securing elephant corridors |
Choose the correct code:
(a) A-2, B-1, C-3
(b) A-1, B-2, C-3
(c) A-3, B-1, C-2
(d) A-1, B-3, C-2
✅ Answer: (b)
📘 Explanation:
WTI: Known for corridor mapping = 3
Project Elephant (1992): Legal + habitat protection = 1
Gajah Report (2010): Strategic roadmap on conservation & conflict = 2
APSC Mains Practice Question
❓ Question:
Despite sustained public health efforts, Japanese Encephalitis (JE) remains a recurring threat in Assam. Analyze the causes behind its persistence and geographical expansion. Suggest a multi-pronged strategy to mitigate its impact.
(Word Limit: 250)
✅ Model Answer:
🔸 Introduction
Japanese Encephalitis (JE), a mosquito-borne viral disease, continues to afflict Assam annually, with recent outbreaks reported from even non-traditional districts. This reflects a worrying trend of epidemiological expansion and persistent public health challenges in the state.
🔹 Causes of Persistence and Expansion
- Climatic & Environmental Factors
- Assam’s warm, humid monsoon climate provides ideal breeding grounds for Culex mosquitoes.
- Stagnant water bodies and paddy fields aid mosquito proliferation.
- Zoonotic Interface
- JE virus cycles between pigs and birds, with pigs acting as amplifying hosts.
- Close proximity of livestock to human dwellings increases human exposure.
- Inequitable Vaccination Coverage
- Vaccination is targeted at endemic areas; non-traditional zones lack immunity, allowing spread.
- Vaccine drives are seasonal and often begin after the outbreak has peaked.
- Weak Rural Health Infrastructure
- Limited access to early diagnosis and intensive care in remote areas.
- Vector Control Limitations
- Fogging is hampered during rainy seasons; chemical washout reduces effectiveness.
- Community awareness about preventive measures is uneven.
🔹 Multi-Pronged Mitigation Strategy
- Integrated Vector Control
- Regular fogging, larvicidal treatment, and use of biological controls like guppy fish.
- Promote eco-friendly mosquito repellents and drain management in paddy belts.
- Zoonotic Risk Management
- Relocate pigsties away from human habitation.
- Monitor and vaccinate pig populations in high-risk zones.
- Revamp Vaccination Strategy
- Advance immunization schedule to pre-monsoon months (March–April).
- Expand coverage to include emerging vulnerable districts.
- Strengthen Primary Health Services
- Set up rapid diagnostic camps and mobile ICU units in rural areas.
- Free and prompt treatment as per NHM protocols.
- Public Awareness Campaigns
- Door-to-door health education, school-based awareness drives, use of vernacular IEC material.
- One Health Approach
- Integrate efforts of Health, Veterinary, Rural Development and Forest departments for joint action.
🔸 Conclusion
To prevent JE from becoming a chronic endemic crisis, Assam must adopt a proactive, decentralized, and integrated health governance approach, tailored to its ecological and socio-economic realities.
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