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APSC Mains GS Paper 3: 2023: Discuss the significance of the ‘PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana’ in reference to rural economy and climate mitigation. (10 Marks, 150 words)

Model Answer:

Launched with an outlay of ₹75,021 crore to solarize 1 crore households with up to 300 units of free power monthly, the PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana transforms domestic consumers into decentralized clean energy producers.

Catalyst for the Rural Economy

Emergence of “Prosumers”: Net-metering enables rural households to sell surplus power back to DISCOMs, converting electricity from an expense into a dependable income stream.
Energizing Farm and Micro-Enterprises: Stabilizes daytime electricity supply for small-scale irrigation, agro-processing, poultry, and cold storage units.
Grassroots Green Employment: Expands localized livelihoods by skilling rural youth as Suryamitras for solar panel assembly, installation, and maintenance.
Assam Resonance: Synergizes with APDCL’s off-grid rooftop targets, bridging critical power supply deficits across flood-vulnerable and remote char (riverine island) areas in the Brahmaputra Valley.

Significance for Climate Mitigation

Thermal Decarbonization: Offsets extensive fossil-fuel load from thermal power plants, curbing an estimated 720 million tonnes of equivalent emissions over the systems’ lifecycle.
Accelerating NDCs: Fast-tracks India’s Glasgow pledge of achieving 500 GW non-fossil power capacity by 2030 while advancing SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action).

By democratizing the energy grid from the bottom up, the scheme translates the ethos of Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) into actionable policy, harmonizing energy equity with intergenerational ecological justice.

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