APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 31/01/2026

Model answer

In the light of recent debates in Assam, critically examine how deviations from constitutional propriety by Governors can affect federalism and democratic governance. Suggest measures to restore institutional balance.
(15 marks)

Model Answer

Introduction

The Assam Tribune (31 January 2026) highlighted growing political and constitutional debate around the role of Governors, particularly concerning assent to State Bills, legislative procedures, and strained relations with elected State governments. These developments have revived concerns that the Governor’s office, intended as a neutral constitutional authority, is increasingly perceived as a politically partisan actor, raising questions about the health of India’s federal and democratic framework.

Body

A. Constitutional Role of the Governor

• The Governor is envisaged as:
  • A constitutional head, not a political executive
  • A link between the Union and the State
• Expected to:
  • Act on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers in normal circumstances
  • Exercise discretionary powers sparingly and within constitutional limits

B. Deviations from Constitutional Propriety

1. Delay or Withholding of Assent to Bills

• Creates legislative uncertainty and governance paralysis.
• Undermines the authority of the elected legislature.

2. Perception of Political Bias

• Selective or inconsistent exercise of discretion fuels allegations of partisanship.
• Weakens public confidence in constitutional institutions.

3. Erosion of Constitutional Conventions

• Frequent friction replaces unwritten conventions that sustain federal practice.
• Converts a constitutional office into a site of political contestation.

C. Impact on Federalism and Democratic Governance

1. Strain on Cooperative Federalism

• Persistent confrontation damages Centre–State trust.
• Encourages adversarial federalism instead of collaboration.

2. Undermining Democratic Mandate

• Elected State governments derive legitimacy from popular will.
• Excessive interference dilutes democratic accountability.

3. Institutional Instability

• Governance delays affect policy implementation and public service delivery.

D. Measures to Restore Institutional Balance

1. Reaffirmation of Constitutional Conventions

• Governors must adhere to established norms regarding assent and discretion.

2. Time-Bound Decision-Making

• Clear timelines for assent to legislation to avoid uncertainty.

3. Institutional Restraint

• Discretionary powers to be exercised only in exceptional and clearly justified situations.

4. Strengthening Cooperative Federalism

• Dialogue and mutual respect between Raj Bhavan and elected governments.

5. Ethical Commitment to Constitutional Morality

• Upholding neutrality over political expediency.

Conclusion As reflected in the Assam Tribune, controversies surrounding the Governor’s role reveal a critical tension between constitutional design and political practice. The Governor’s office can either act as a stabilising constitutional sentinel or become a source of federal friction. Restoring constitutional propriety, restraint, and respect for democratic mandates is essential to preserve federal balance and ensure that constitutional offices reinforce—rather than erode—India’s democratic governance.