Table of Contents

APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 30/04/2026

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, practicing Daily Answer Writing is vital. This blog covers the most important Main question and its model Answer from the Assam Tribune today (30-04-2026).

📝 GS Mains Model Question

Q. “Urban flooding in Indian cities is increasingly a result of human-induced factors rather than natural causes.”
Discuss with reference to Guwahati.

✍️ Model Answer

🔹 Introduction

Urban flooding, once largely attributed to extreme rainfall, is now increasingly driven by anthropogenic factors such as unplanned urbanisation, ecological degradation, and poor drainage systems. Guwahati exemplifies this transition from natural to man-made flooding.

🔹 Nature of the Problem (Guwahati Context)

Frequent waterlogging even after moderate rainfall
Rising flood levels annually
Disruption of daily life and economic activities

👉 Indicates structural and planning deficiencies rather than purely climatic causes.

🔹 Human-Induced Causes

A. Unscientific Urban Planning

Lack of integrated land-use planning
Construction in low-lying and flood-prone areas

B. Concretization of Surfaces

Roads, buildings, and drain beds covered with concrete
Prevents infiltration and groundwater recharge

C. Degradation of Wetlands

Encroachment of wetlands such as Deepor Beel
Loss of natural flood buffers

D. Inefficient Drainage Systems

Poorly designed drains
Blockage due to solid waste and siltation

E. Institutional Failures

Fragmented governance
Weak enforcement of environmental regulations

🔹 Impacts

Environmental: Reduced groundwater levels, ecosystem damage
Economic: Loss of productivity and infrastructure damage
Social: Public inconvenience, health risks

🔹 Challenges

Rapid urban expansion
Lack of coordination among agencies
Limited adoption of scientific planning
Resource constraints

🔹 Way Forward

1. Eco-sensitive Urban Planning

Integrate hydrology into city planning

2. Restoration of Wetlands

Protect and revive natural drainage systems

3. Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS)

Permeable surfaces, rainwater harvesting

4. Strengthen Governance

Unified urban management authority

5. Public Participation

Awareness on waste disposal and conservation

🔹 Conclusion Urban flooding in cities like Guwahati is largely a governance and planning failure, not merely a natural disaster. Addressing it requires a shift toward sustainable, ecology-based urban development and integrated governance mechanisms.

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