APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 3/04/2026

Model answer

Model Answer

Introduction

India’s federal structure incorporates elements of asymmetrical federalism, where certain regions are granted special provisions to address unique socio-cultural and historical contexts. Provisions like Article 244(A) and the Sixth Schedule exemplify this approach, particularly in Assam’s tribal areas.

Understanding Asymmetrical Federalism

• Refers to unequal distribution of powers among states/regions
• Designed to:
  • Protect identity
  • Ensure political stability
  • Promote inclusive governance

Examples:

• Article 371 (various states)
• Sixth Schedule
• Article 244(A)

Role of Article 244(A) in Assam

• Enables creation of an autonomous state within Assam
• Provides:
  • Legislature
  • Council of Ministers
• Intended for:
  • Hill districts (Karbi Anglong, Dima Hasao)

👉 Reflects deeper autonomy compared to Autonomous District Councils (ADCs)

Role of Sixth Schedule

• Provides Autonomous District Councils (ADCs)
• Powers:
  • Legislative (limited)
  • Administrative
  • Judicial (customary laws)

👉 Aims to protect:

• Tribal culture
• Land rights
• Traditional governance

Significance of Asymmetrical Federalism

1. Protection of Tribal Identity

• Safeguards language, culture, customs

2. Conflict Resolution

• Addresses insurgency and autonomy demands

3. Decentralized Governance

• Enables local decision-making

4. Inclusive Development

• Tailored policies for backward regions

Challenges to Administrative Coherence

1. Overlapping Jurisdictions

• Conflict between:
  • State government
  • Autonomous councils

2. Fragmentation of Authority

• Multiple governance layers

3. Resource Constraints

• Limited financial autonomy of councils

4. Ethnic Tensions

• Competing demands among communities

5. Implementation Issues

• Delay in operationalizing provisions like Article 244(A)

Way Forward

1. Clear Demarcation of Powers

• Avoid jurisdictional conflicts

2. Strengthening Local Institutions

• Financial and administrative capacity

3. Cooperative Federalism

• Centre–State–Local coordination

4. Balanced Approach

• Autonomy with accountability

5. Inclusive Dialogue

• Address all stakeholder concerns

Conclusion

Asymmetrical federalism remains a pragmatic necessity in a diverse country like India, especially in sensitive regions like Assam. However, its success depends on effective coordination, institutional clarity, and balanced implementation, ensuring that autonomy strengthens rather than weakens national integration.