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APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 25/02/2025

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, practicing Daily Answer Writing is vital. This blog covers the most important Main question and its model Answer from the Assam Tribune today (25-02-2025).

Mains Question

Floods in Assam are an annual disaster, causing massive economic and human losses. Analyze the causes of recurring floods in Assam and evaluate the effectiveness of recent flood management strategies. Suggest long-term measures for sustainable flood mitigation.

Model Answer

Introduction

Assam experiences severe floods annually, particularly in the Brahmaputra and Barak river basins, leading to loss of life, displacement, and economic setbacks. The floods are caused by a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors, making sustainable flood management crucial.

Causes of Recurring Floods in Assam

✅ Natural Causes

High Rainfall & Himalayan Drainage – Intense monsoon rainfall causes river overflow.
Siltation & River Course Changes – Brahmaputra is a braided river, frequently shifting its course.
Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) – Climate change has increased glacial melting in the Himalayas.
Encroachment of Wetlands & Floodplains – Loss of natural water absorption areas like Deepor Beel.

✅ Anthropogenic Causes

Deforestation in Catchment Areas – Leads to soil erosion, increasing sedimentation.
Unplanned Urbanization & Encroachment – Expanding cities block natural drainage systems.
Weak Embankments & Infrastructure Deficiencies – Many embankments are old and ineffective.
Release of Water from Dams – Sudden dam releases worsen flood situations.

Effectiveness of Recent Flood Management Strategies

✅ Government Initiatives & Technology-Based Solutions
✔️ Embankment Strengthening & Dredging of Brahmaputra – Partial success but requires continuous maintenance.
✔️ AI-Based Early Warning Systems & Satellite Monitoring – Helps in better disaster preparedness.
✔️ Construction of Raised Platforms & Flood Shelters – Reduces loss of human and livestock lives.
✔️ Inter-State & International Cooperation with Bangladesh – Efforts in transboundary water management are improving.

🚧 Challenges
❌ Inefficiency in Policy Implementation & Corruption.
❌ Delayed Response in Relief & Rehabilitation.
❌ Climate Change Impact Increasing Flood Intensity.

Long-Term Measures for Sustainable Flood Mitigation

✅ Eco-Friendly Solutions

Reviving Wetlands & Floodplains – Natural storage of excess water.
Afforestation in Catchment Areas – Reducing soil erosion & siltation.
Constructing Multipurpose Reservoirs – Helps in water storage and controlled releases.

✅ Structural Measures

Permanent River Training & Channelization – Guiding river flow to prevent bank erosion.
Upgrading Embankments with Geo-Synthetic Materials – Increases durability against floods.
Dredging & Riverbed Deepening Projects – Improving water-carrying capacity of rivers.

✅ Policy & Governance Reforms

Interstate River Management with Arunachal & Meghalaya – Coordinated approach for dam releases.
Implementing Climate-Resilient Infrastructure – Building flood-resistant housing & roads.
Strengthening Assam’s Disaster Preparedness Plan – Expanding AI-based forecasting & real-time monitoring.

Conclusion

Floods in Assam demand a multi-dimensional approach, integrating structural engineering, ecological restoration, and disaster preparedness. While recent government initiatives have shown progress, long-term climate resilience, inter-state coordination, and sustainable land-use policies are crucial for effective flood mitigation.

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