APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 24/03/2026

Model answer

Model Answer

Introduction

India’s internal security landscape is undergoing a transformation with the rise of non-traditional threats such as cyber espionage and illegal migration. Recent developments in Assam, including the Chabua Airbase espionage case and the declining deportation of illegal migrants, highlight emerging vulnerabilities.

Nature of Emerging Threats

1. Cyber Espionage

• Use of digital platforms to leak sensitive defence information
• Involvement of civilian insiders
• Links with foreign intelligence agencies

2. Illegal Migration

• Persistent cross-border infiltration
• Challenges in identification and deportation
• Links with demographic and identity issues

Implications for Internal Security

1. National Security Risks

• Espionage compromises military preparedness
• Illegal migration may enable infiltration of anti-national elements

2. Governance Challenges

• Weak coordination between agencies
• Administrative and legal bottlenecks

3. Socio-Political Impact

• Migration leads to identity tensions
• Impacts electoral politics

4. Economic Impact

• Strain on public resources
• Informal economy expansion

Challenges

• Porous borders and difficult terrain
• Lack of robust cyber monitoring systems
• Outdated legal frameworks (e.g., Official Secrets Act)
• Diplomatic constraints in deportation
• Limited awareness among personnel

Measures Taken

• Strengthening border fencing and surveillance
• Counter-intelligence operations
• NRC and Foreigners Tribunals
• Cyber security initiatives

Way Forward

1. Strengthen Cyber Security

• AI-based monitoring and digital surveillance

2. Improve Border Management

• Smart fencing and better infrastructure

3. Legal Reforms

• Update espionage and immigration laws

4. Diplomatic Engagement

• Agreements with neighbouring countries

5. Capacity Building

• Training for security personnel

🔹 Conclusion Non-traditional threats like cyber espionage and illegal migration pose complex challenges to India’s internal security. A holistic approach combining technology, governance reforms, and diplomatic coordination is essential to effectively address these evolving risks.