APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 18/04/2026

Model answer

Model Answer

Introduction

India’s development trajectory frequently encounters tensions between infrastructure expansion and environmental conservation. Recent developments in Assam—such as forest eviction drives, the Guwahati Ring Road project, and rising human–wildlife conflict—highlight this inherent conflict.

Nature of the Conflict

1. Infrastructure vs Ecology

• Projects like the Guwahati Ring Road:
  • Aim: Urban decongestion
  • Issue: Passage through forest and wildlife corridors

2. Conservation vs Livelihood

• Forest encroachment eviction (Manas region):
  • Aim: Protect biodiversity
  • Issue: Displacement and law & order challenges

3. Human–Wildlife Conflict

• Habitat fragmentation leads to:
  • Elephant intrusion into human settlements
• Reflects:
  • Ecological imbalance

Key Issues Involved

A. Environmental Concerns

• Habitat destruction
• Biodiversity loss
• Disruption of ecological corridors

B. Socio-Economic Concerns

• Livelihood dependence on forests
• Displacement without rehabilitation
• Rural distress

C. Governance Challenges

• Weak enforcement of laws
• Poor planning and coordination
• Inadequate stakeholder consultation

Implications

• Increased human–wildlife conflict
• Social unrest and resistance
• Long-term ecological damage
• Unsustainable development patterns

Way Forward

1. Sustainable Development Approach

• Balance growth with ecology

2. Scientific Planning

• Route alignment avoiding sensitive zones

3. Strengthening EIA

• Transparent and rigorous assessments

4. Community Participation

• Inclusive decision-making

5. Rehabilitation & Compensation

• Fair resettlement policies

6. Wildlife Protection Measures

• Corridors, overpasses, underpasses

Conclusion

The conflict between development and conservation is not irreconcilable. With integrated planning, strong governance, and community-centric approaches, India can achieve a model of sustainable and inclusive development.