APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 17/04/2026

Model answer

Model Answer

Introduction

The concept of security has expanded beyond traditional military threats to include non-traditional challenges such as humanitarian crises, climate change, and transnational crimes. Recent global developments reflect how these threats are reshaping security paradigms.

Understanding Non-Traditional Security

• Refers to threats that:
  • Are non-military in nature
  • Affect human survival and well-being
• Includes:
  • Climate change
  • Human trafficking
  • Food insecurity
  • Health crises

Key Contemporary Examples

1. Humanitarian Crisis (Sudan Conflict)

• Civil war leading to:
  • Famine
  • Mass displacement
• Demonstrates:
  • Link between conflict and human security

2. Human Trafficking (West Africa)

• Organized transnational crime
• Exploits:
  • Poverty and instability
• Impacts:
  • Human rights and internal security

3. Climate Variability (Erratic Rainfall in India)

• Disrupts:
  • Agriculture and food systems
• Leads to:
  • Farmer distress
  • Food insecurity

4. Technological Threats (Missile Developments)

• Though traditional, linked with:
  • Strategic instability
• Combined with:
  • Cyber and hybrid threats

Implications for Security Framework

A. Shift to Human Security

• Focus on:
  • Individuals rather than states

B. Interconnected Threats

• Climate → Food → Conflict

C. Global Nature

• Requires international cooperation

Challenges

• Lack of coordination among countries
• Weak institutional capacity
• Resource constraints
• Policy gaps

Way Forward

1. Integrated Security Approach

• Combine traditional + non-traditional

2. Strengthening Institutions

• Disaster management, law enforcement

3. International Cooperation

• UN, regional frameworks

4. Climate Action

• Adaptation and mitigation

5. Human-Centric Policies

• Focus on vulnerable groups

Conclusion

Non-traditional security threats are redefining the concept of security in the 21st century. Addressing them requires a holistic, cooperative, and human-centric approach to ensure sustainable peace and stability.