APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 14/04/2026

Model answer

Model Answer

Introduction

India’s development pathway increasingly faces the dual challenge of ensuring energy security while maintaining environmental sustainability. This tension is evident both in domestic infrastructure projects like hydropower and in global geopolitical developments such as West Asian conflicts affecting oil supply.

Energy Security: Concept & Importance

• Defined as:
  • Availability of energy at affordable and reliable prices
• Importance:
  • Economic growth
  • Industrial development
  • Strategic autonomy

Hydropower & Sustainable Development

A. Role of Hydropower

• Renewable energy source
• Reduces carbon emissions
• Example:
  • Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project (Assam–Arunachal)

B. Developmental Benefits

• Regional development
• Employment generation
• Grid stability

C. Sustainability Concerns

• Environmental degradation
• Biodiversity loss
• Displacement of communities
• Seismic risks in Northeast

Conflict

• Clean energy vs ecological impact

Global Energy Geopolitics

A. West Asia Tensions

• US–Iran conflict:
  • Threat to oil supply
• Strategic chokepoints:
  • Strait of Hormuz

B. Impact on Energy Security

• Rising oil prices
• Inflationary pressures
• Supply disruptions

India’s Challenges

1. Dependence on Oil Imports
2. Balancing Growth with Sustainability
3. Regional Environmental Sensitivity (Northeast)
4. Geopolitical Vulnerabilities

Way Forward

1. Diversified Energy Mix

• Renewables + hydropower + alternatives

2. Sustainable Infrastructure

• Environmental safeguards

3. Strategic Petroleum Reserves

• Buffer against shocks

4. Diplomacy

• Stable energy partnerships

5. Community-Centric Development

• Inclusive growth

🔹 Conclusion India’s pursuit of energy security must align with the principles of sustainable development. A balanced approach integrating clean energy, environmental safeguards, and strategic resilience is essential for long-term stability and growth.