APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 13/10/2025
For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, practicing Daily Answer Writing is vital. This blog covers the most important Main question and its model Answer from the Assam Tribune today (13-10-2025).
📝 Model Answer
Q.🧭 India–Myanmar Border Management: Balancing Security, Connectivity, and Humanitarian Concerns
📘 GS Paper II – India and its Neighbourhood Relations | Governance
📘 GS Paper III – Internal Security | Border Management | Insurgency
📘 GS Paper V – Assam & Northeast: Security and Connectivity
🔹 Introduction
India shares a 1,643 km long border with Myanmar, connecting four northeastern states — Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram.
This frontier is not just a geopolitical line but a cultural and economic bridge linking South Asia with Southeast Asia under the Act East Policy.
However, escalating instability in Myanmar, cross-border insurgency, and migration have posed complex challenges to India’s security–development–humanitarian balance.
🔑 Body
1. Strategic Significance of the India–Myanmar Border
| Dimension | Importance |
| Security | Key to curbing insurgent networks like ULFA(I), NSCN-K, and PLA operating across the frontier. |
| Economic | Acts as India’s gateway to ASEAN via the Trilateral Highway and Kaladan Multimodal Project. |
| Socio-cultural | Shared ethnic ties among Nagas, Kukis, and Chins; sustains traditional Free Movement Regime (FMR). |
| Diplomatic | Strengthens India’s Neighbourhood First and Act East strategies. |
2. Major Challenges in Border Management
| Challenge | Description |
| Insurgency & Safe Havens | Northeast insurgent groups exploit the porous terrain and weak law enforcement on the Myanmar side. |
| Smuggling Networks | Rise in drug trafficking, arms movement, and wildlife trade through Manipur and Mizoram corridors. |
| Refugee Influx | Post-coup violence in Myanmar (2021) led to over 50,000 refugees entering India’s NE states. |
| Porous Terrain | Forested hills make surveillance and fencing impractical. |
| Disrupted Connectivity Projects | Violence and instability have slowed down Trilateral Highway and Kaladan projects. |
3. Institutional & Bilateral Mechanisms
- Operation Sunrise I & II (2019–2020): Joint military operations targeting insurgent camps along the border.
- Border Liaison Offices (BLOs): Facilitating local coordination and intelligence sharing.
- Integrated Check Posts (ICPs): Developed at Moreh (Manipur) under the Land Ports Authority of India.
- Free Movement Regime (FMR): Permits cross-border tribal movement within 16 km, currently suspended since 2024.
- Joint Working Group (JWG): Regular dialogue between Indian and Myanmar Home Ministries on border management.
4. India’s Balancing Act
| Dimension | Action/Policy |
| Security Response | Enhanced deployment of Assam Rifles and intelligence coordination with Tatmadaw (Myanmar Army). |
| Humanitarian Handling | States like Mizoram have offered aid to refugees on humanitarian grounds despite policy restrictions. |
| Developmental Diplomacy | India continues cross-border projects (Trilateral Highway, Kaladan Port) to stabilize the region through economic engagement. |
| Digital Border Surveillance | Introduction of drones, AI-based patrol monitoring, and smart fencing pilots in Nagaland–Manipur sector. |
5. Way Forward
- Institutional Integration: Establish a Unified Northeast Border Command under MHA for coordinated surveillance.
- Community Engagement: Empower local tribal councils in peace-building and intelligence sharing.
- Humanitarian Corridor: Set up biometric refugee registration linked to UNHCR support mechanisms.
- Revive Connectivity with Caution: Resume Trilateral Highway construction under joint security escort.
- Regional Diplomacy: Engage ASEAN and BIMSTEC frameworks for collaborative counter-insurgency and border trade stability.
🧩 Conclusion
India’s engagement with Myanmar is a microcosm of its broader foreign policy challenge — balancing strategic security with humane diplomacy.
By coupling border management with connectivity and community trust, India can convert its vulnerable frontier into a corridor of stability and prosperity, realizing the true spirit of the Act East Policy.
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