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APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 09/05/2026

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, practicing Daily Answer Writing is vital. This blog covers the most important Main question and its model Answer from the Assam Tribune today (09-05-2026).

📝 GS Mains Model Question

Q. “Large hydropower projects are essential for energy security, but they also create significant ecological and social concerns.”
Discuss with reference to the Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project.

✍️ Model Answer

🔹 Introduction

Hydropower is an important component of India’s renewable energy strategy and energy security goals. Projects such as the Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project (SLHEP) are expected to enhance electricity generation and regional development. However, large dams in ecologically sensitive regions also raise concerns regarding environmental sustainability, seismic safety, and livelihood security.

🔹 About the Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project

Located on:
- Subansiri River (tributary of Brahmaputra)
Executed by:
- NHPC
Installed capacity:
- 2,000 MW
One of India’s largest hydropower projects.

🔹 Importance of the Project

A. Energy Security

Renewable Energy Generation

Reduces dependence on fossil fuels.
Supports clean energy transition.

Grid Stability

Provides additional electricity supply for Northeast and national grid.

B. Economic Benefits

Benefit	Explanation
Infrastructure Development	Roads & connectivity
Employment Generation	Construction & services
Industrial Growth	Power availability
Regional Development	Economic opportunities

C. Strategic Importance

Enhances infrastructure presence in Northeast India.
Supports regional integration and development.

🔹 Environmental Concerns

A. Ecological Damage

Alteration of river ecosystem.
Threat to aquatic biodiversity.

B. Sediment Flow Disruption

Dams affect natural sediment movement downstream.

C. Forest & Biodiversity Impact

Construction activities in ecologically fragile areas.

🔹 Seismic & Safety Concerns

Concern	Explanation
High Seismic Zone	Northeast highly earthquake-prone
Dam Failure Risk	Fear of catastrophic flooding
Sudden Water Release	Threat to downstream settlements

🔹 Social Concerns

Livelihood Impact

Agriculture and fishing communities affected.

Public Opposition

Assam-based organisations raised downstream safety concerns.

🔹 Governance Challenges

Balancing:
- Development needs
- Environmental sustainability
- Public trust
Delays caused by:
- Environmental clearances
- Legal disputes
- Protest movements

🔹 Way Forward

1. Scientific Environmental Assessment

Continuous ecological monitoring.

2. Transparent Dam Safety Mechanisms

Independent safety audits.

3. Basin-Wide River Management

Integrated river planning approach.

4. Community Participation

Local stakeholder consultation.

5. Disaster Preparedness

Flood forecasting and emergency systems.

🔹 Conclusion

The Subansiri project reflects the broader challenge of balancing infrastructure development with ecological sustainability in sensitive regions. India’s renewable energy transition must ensure that developmental goals are pursued alongside environmental safeguards, disaster resilience, and public participation.

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