APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 05/05/2026

Model answer

Model Answer

Introduction

Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems, providing essential ecosystem services such as flood regulation, biodiversity conservation, and water purification. In Assam, rich in wetlands (beels), these ecosystems are increasingly under threat due to human-induced pressures.

Ecological Importance of Wetlands

A. Flood Regulation

• Act as natural sponges
• Absorb excess water during heavy rainfall

B. Biodiversity Conservation

• Habitat for:
  • Migratory birds
  • Aquatic species

C. Water Purification

• Filter pollutants and sediments

D. Climate Regulation

• Carbon sequestration
• Maintain ecological balance

Anthropogenic Pressures

A. Encroachment

• Conversion for:
  • Housing
  • Agriculture

B. Urbanisation

• Infrastructure expansion
• Loss of wetland area

C. Pollution

• Waste dumping
• Industrial discharge

D. Siltation

• Reduced water holding capacity

Impacts of Degradation

• Increased flooding due to loss of natural buffers
• Biodiversity loss and habitat destruction
• Decline in water quality
• Reduced climate resilience

Governance Challenges

• Weak enforcement of environmental laws
• Lack of proper wetland mapping
• Institutional fragmentation
• Limited public awareness

Way Forward

1. Strengthen Legal Protection

• Strict anti-encroachment measures

2. Scientific Mapping & Monitoring

• GIS-based wetland inventory

3. Community Participation

• Local stewardship

4. Nature-Based Solutions

• Wetland restoration

5. Integrated Urban Planning

• Protect wetlands in city plans

🔹 Conclusion Wetlands in Assam are vital ecological assets that require urgent protection. A sustainable, science-based, and community-driven approach is essential to balance development with ecological conservation, ensuring long-term environmental resilience.