APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 04/05/2026

Model answer

Model Answer

Introduction

India imports a substantial proportion of its crude oil requirements, making its energy security highly sensitive to global geopolitical developments. The Strait of Hormuz, a key maritime chokepoint, exemplifies this vulnerability.

Strategic Importance of the Strait of Hormuz

• Connects Persian Gulf to Arabian Sea
• Handles around 20% of global oil trade
• Key suppliers:
  • Saudi Arabia
  • UAE
  • Iraq

👉 Any disruption directly affects global energy markets.

India’s Energy Dependence

• Imports ~85% of crude oil
• Significant share routed through Hormuz
• Limited domestic production

Vulnerabilities Due to Geopolitical Disruptions

A. Supply Disruptions

• Conflict or blockade → reduced oil flow

B. Price Volatility

• Sharp rise in global oil prices

C. Inflationary Pressure

• Fuel cost increase → cost-push inflation

D. Trade Imbalance

• Higher import bill → current account deficit

Broader Economic Implications

• Impact on:
  • Transport sector
  • Manufacturing
  • Food prices
• Slows:
  • Economic growth

Challenges

• Limited diversification of energy sources
• Inadequate strategic reserves
• Dependence on volatile regions

Way Forward

1. Diversification of Energy Sources

• Import from multiple regions

2. Strengthening Strategic Petroleum Reserves

• Buffer against short-term shocks

3. Promoting Renewable Energy

• Reduce fossil fuel dependence

4. Energy Diplomacy

• Stable relations with supplier countries

5. Improving Domestic Production

• Encourage exploration and alternative fuels

Conclusion

The Strait of Hormuz highlights the structural vulnerability of India’s energy system. Ensuring energy security requires a multi-pronged strategy combining diversification, sustainability, and strategic planning to mitigate geopolitical risks.