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APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 26/10/2024

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, practicing Daily Answer Writing is vital. This blog covers the most important Main question and its model Answer from the Assam Tribune today (26-10-2024).

Question

Topic: India-China Border Relations
GS Paper 2: International Relations

The recent troop disengagement between India and China in the Ladakh region reflects a cautious step towards de-escalation. Critically examine the significance of this disengagement for India’s broader geopolitical strategy. What challenges does India face in sustaining a stable relationship with China?

Model Answer

Introduction: The recent disengagement between India and China at Demchok and Depsang Plains in eastern Ladakh marks a significant development in their border relations, which have been tense since the 2020 Galwan Valley clash. This disengagement, achieved through diplomatic and military dialogue, signifies a cautious approach toward reducing friction along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and improving bilateral relations.

Significance of Disengagement for India’s Geopolitical Strategy:

Enhanced Regional Stability:
By reducing tensions along the LAC, India can focus on stabilizing other critical borders, such as those with Pakistan. A peaceful northern frontier allows India to allocate its military and financial resources more effectively, aiding regional stability in South Asia.
Economic Diplomacy:
Improving relations with China could bolster trade and economic ties, especially considering the large-scale imports from China that support India’s manufacturing and technology sectors. Peace at the border could facilitate further economic cooperation, contributing positively to India’s economic agenda.
Strengthened Multilateral Influence:
As two influential Asian powers, reduced hostility between India and China strengthens India’s positioning within multilateral forums such as BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Stable bilateral relations enable India to pursue a more assertive foreign policy in global issues, including climate change and trade.
Strategic Autonomy and Global Partnerships:
A stable India-China relationship allows India to maintain its strategic autonomy, especially amid the U.S.-China rivalry. A balanced relationship helps India navigate its partnerships with other global powers, notably the U.S. and Russia, without becoming entangled in their confrontations with China.

Challenges in Sustaining a Stable Relationship with China:

Border Ambiguity and Mistrust:
The lack of clear demarcation along the LAC creates recurring friction points. This ambiguity, combined with historical mistrust, undermines the sustainability of agreements and challenges confidence-building efforts. Effective and lasting stability would require resolving the fundamental issue of border clarity, which has eluded both nations.
Geopolitical Pressures:
India’s expanding ties with the U.S. and its role in the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) are seen by China as potential threats. India’s engagement with regional and global alliances places it at odds with China’s influence, particularly in the Indo-Pacific region. Balancing these relationships while maintaining autonomy in foreign policy remains a complex challenge.
Economic Dependency and Trade Deficits:
India’s economic reliance on Chinese imports, especially in electronics and manufacturing, gives China leverage in bilateral relations. Sustaining stability while reducing this dependency through self-reliant initiatives, such as “Atmanirbhar Bharat,” presents a dual challenge in maintaining economic resilience without sacrificing national interests.
Internal and Regional Security Concerns:
China’s growing influence in neighboring countries, particularly through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and its strategic foothold in the Indian Ocean, impacts India’s security dynamics. Additionally, China’s support for Pakistan complicates India’s security calculus. India must strengthen regional diplomacy and improve defense capabilities to counterbalance China’s regional strategy effectively.

Conclusion: The recent disengagement in Ladakh is a constructive step toward peace along the LAC, fostering stability and aligning with India’s broader geopolitical goals. However, maintaining this stability requires addressing deep-seated challenges, including border ambiguity, geopolitical rivalries, and economic dependencies. For a sustained, peaceful relationship, both countries must prioritize confidence-building, transparent diplomacy, and cooperative regional engagement. A balanced approach will allow India to protect its sovereignty while achieving its economic and strategic aspirations in the Indo-Pacific and beyond.

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