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APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 25/10/2024

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, practicing Daily Answer Writing is vital. This blog covers the most important Main question and its model Answer from the Assam Tribune today (25-10-2024).

Question: “Discuss the potential and challenges of hydropower development in the Northeast region, with a particular focus on the recent investments by the National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC) in Arunachal Pradesh. How can sustainable hydropower projects contribute to India’s energy security while balancing environmental and social concerns?” (250 words)

Model Answer:

Introduction:
The Northeast region of India, particularly Arunachal Pradesh, is endowed with substantial hydropower potential. Recent investments by the National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC) in projects like the Dibang Multipurpose Project and Subansiri Lower Project aim to harness this potential, providing a significant boost to India’s renewable energy capacity and contributing to energy security.

Body:
Potential of Hydropower Development:

Energy Capacity: Arunachal Pradesh alone has an estimated hydropower potential of over 50,000 MW, making it a critical region for expanding India’s renewable energy portfolio.
Renewable and Clean Energy: Hydropower is a non-polluting, renewable energy source, essential for reducing carbon emissions and meeting India’s climate goals.
Regional Development: Hydropower projects can drive infrastructure growth, improve connectivity, and create employment in remote areas of the Northeast.
Strategic Significance: Development of hydropower projects in Arunachal Pradesh strengthens India’s presence in border areas, especially along the Brahmaputra basin, which has strategic importance vis-à-vis China.

Challenges of Hydropower Development:

Environmental Impact: Large hydropower projects can lead to deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and changes in riverine ecosystems, affecting aquatic life.
Displacement of Communities: Projects like the Dibang Multipurpose Project involve displacement of local communities, leading to socio-economic disruptions.
Geological Vulnerabilities: The Northeast is a seismically active zone, making large dam projects vulnerable to earthquakes and landslides.
Inter-State Water Disputes: Conflicts can arise between Arunachal Pradesh and downstream states like Assam over water flow, usage, and flood management.
China’s Upstream Activities: China’s construction of dams on transboundary rivers like the Brahmaputra poses risks to India’s water security.

Way Forward:

Sustainable Project Design: Incorporating fish ladders, sediment management, and maintaining minimum ecological flows can mitigate environmental impacts.
Community Engagement: Involving local communities in decision-making and providing fair compensation and rehabilitation packages can reduce resistance.
Focus on Small and Medium Projects: Prioritizing smaller hydropower projects can reduce environmental and social costs while still contributing to energy needs.
Strengthening Infrastructure: Improving the resilience of dams and infrastructure against seismic activity is crucial for safety.
Diplomatic Engagement with China: India should enhance dialogue with China for coordinated management of transboundary rivers to ensure sustained water flow for hydropower projects.

Conclusion:
Hydropower development in Arunachal Pradesh offers significant opportunities for enhancing India’s energy security while promoting regional development. However, balancing this potential with environmental sustainability and social equity is key to the success of these projects. By adopting a sustainable approach and engaging stakeholders, India can leverage its hydropower resources to support a greener future.

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