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APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 01/04/2025

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, practicing Daily Answer Writing is vital. This blog covers the most important Main question and its model Answer from the Assam Tribune today (01-05-2025).

📝 Mains Question (GS Paper 2 – Governance | Social Justice)

“The inclusion of caste enumeration in the 2025 Census could redefine the contours of welfare delivery in India. Critically examine its potential impact and associated challenges.”

🔹 Introduction

For the first time since independence, the Government of India has approved caste-based enumeration as part of the decadal Census 2025. While caste is a deeply embedded aspect of India’s social structure, the absence of comprehensive caste data has limited the precision of welfare delivery. The inclusion marks a landmark step in evidence-based governance.

🔹 Why Caste Enumeration Matters

Area	Impact
Welfare Targeting	Accurate data allows precise identification of socio-economically backward groups
Policy Design	Informs education, health, employment, and housing schemes
Affirmative Action	Empirical basis for quotas and sub-categorization within OBCs
Budget Allocation	Promotes equity in state-level and central funding patterns
Judicial Scrutiny	Empowers courts and commissions to assess fairness in reservation

🔹 Precedents and Gaps

SECC 2011: Incomplete release and poor data integrity; not officially adopted for policy.
Mandal Commission (1980): Last national attempt to quantify OBCs—outdated and methodologically limited.
Recent State Surveys: Bihar and Karnataka undertook caste-based surveys but lacked uniform methodology.

🔹 Challenges and Criticisms

Challenge	Concern
Political Polarization	Risk of deepening identity politics and social fragmentation
Administrative Overload	Massive logistical exercise for enumerators
Data Integrity	Risks of duplication, underreporting, or misclassification
Privacy Concerns	No clear data protection law for handling sensitive identity data
Judicial Oversight	Ambiguity over how courts will view such data in reservation litigation

🔹 Balanced View: Opportunities vs Risks

✅ Opportunities:

Helps rationalize schemes like PM Vishwakarma Yojana, Pre-Matric scholarships
Enables caste sub-categorization within OBCs (e.g. EBCs vs dominant OBCs)

⚠️ Risks:

Could spark inter-caste tensions or demands for new reservations
Might become a tool for electoral mobilization if not carefully regulated

🔹 Way Forward

📊 Transparent Methodology
- Involve social scientists, anthropologists, and the National Statistical Commission
🔐 Legal Data Safeguards
- Align with the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023
🧑‍⚖️ Judicial Backing
- Constitutional bench guidance on usage of caste data in policymaking
👥 Stakeholder Consultations
- Include state governments, civil society, and backward commissions
📈 Actionable Analytics Post-Census
- Use data for real-time dashboards on community development indices

🔹 Conclusion

The caste census, if implemented with scientific rigor and constitutional safeguards, can be a powerful instrument of corrective justice. However, in a diverse democracy like India, the challenge lies not in collecting caste data—but in ensuring that it becomes a bridge to equality, not a wedge of division.

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