APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 31/01/2025

Model answer

Model Answer

Introduction
Air pollution in Assam is emerging as a serious environmental challenge, with Guwahati recording an AQI of 294 (Poor Category). Rising vehicular emissions, industrial pollution, and deforestation contribute to declining air quality, threatening public health, biodiversity, and climate stability.

Causes of Air Pollution in Assam

1. Vehicular Emissions
   • Rapid increase in private vehicles and diesel-powered transport.
   • Lack of efficient public transport infrastructure.
2. Industrial and Construction Pollution
   • Brick kilns, refineries, and power plants contribute to PM2.5 and NO₂ emissions.
   • Unregulated construction dust worsens urban air quality.
3. Deforestation and Biomass Burning
   • Forest cover loss reduces natural air filtration.
   • Agricultural residue burning in winter months increases PM levels.
4. Climate and Meteorological Factors
   • Temperature inversion traps pollutants closer to the surface.
   • Low wind speed in winter exacerbates pollution levels.

Impacts of Air Pollution

1. Public Health Risks
   • Increase in asthma, bronchitis, and cardiovascular diseases.
   • Higher mortality rates due to prolonged exposure to PM2.5 pollutants.
2. Environmental Damage
   • Acid rain affects soil fertility and water quality.
   • Declining biodiversity in Assam’s eco-sensitive zones (Kaziranga, Manas, etc.).
3. Economic Costs
   • Increased healthcare expenditure due to pollution-related diseases.
   • Decline in tourism and real estate values in urban centers.

Policy Measures for Air Quality Improvement

1. Strengthening the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP)
   • Expand real-time air monitoring systems in all major cities.
   • Implement stricter pollution control norms for industries and transport.
2. Promoting Green and Sustainable Transport
   • Incentivize electric vehicles (EVs) and CNG-based public transport.
   • Develop dedicated cycling and pedestrian-friendly zones.
3. Enhancing Urban Green Cover
   • Large-scale tree plantation drives in urban and industrial zones.
   • Rooftop and vertical gardens to reduce urban heat and absorb pollutants.
4. Regulating Construction and Industrial Emissions
   • Mandatory dust suppression techniques at construction sites.
   • Adoption of cleaner technologies in brick kilns and refineries.
5. Community Awareness and Public Participation
   • Educational campaigns on reducing biomass burning and vehicle idling.
   • Strengthening citizen-led air pollution monitoring initiatives.

Conclusion

Assam’s air pollution crisis requires urgent policy action, technological intervention, and community participation. A combination of strict emission regulations, urban greening, and sustainable mobility solutions can ensure cleaner air and healthier cities, fostering long-term socioeconomic and environmental well-being.