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APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 24/4/2025

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, practicing Daily Answer Writing is vital. This blog covers the most important Main question and its model Answer from the Assam Tribune today (24-04-2025).

📝 Mains Question

“Forensic DNA profiling is a game changer in India’s criminal justice system, but its efficacy hinges on legal safeguards and institutional readiness.”
In the light of Assam’s decision to establish a DNA profiling lab, critically examine the potential benefits and challenges of expanding forensic DNA infrastructure in India. Suggest reforms to ensure ethical and effective use.

✅ Model Answer

🔹 Introduction

DNA profiling has emerged as one of the most precise and non-invasive tools in modern forensic science. Its use in sexual assault cases, homicide investigations, disaster victim identification, and missing persons cases has led to faster and more accurate justice delivery. Assam’s move to set up a state-level DNA lab highlights both the promise and the pitfalls of this technology in India’s justice system.

🔹 Potential Benefits of Expanding DNA Forensics in India

Benefit	Explanation
Speedier Justice	Reduces investigation and trial delays, especially in rape and POCSO cases
Higher Conviction Rates	DNA evidence can strengthen prosecution, even in absence of eyewitnesses
Disaster Victim Identification	Helps identify bodies during floods, landslides, and mass casualties (common in Assam)
Supports Police Modernization	Part of larger vision of “smart policing” under MHA reforms
Decongests Courts	Clearer evidence reduces frivolous litigation and wrongful arrests

🔹 Challenges in Implementation

1. Legal and Ethical Challenges

Issue	Impact
Absence of DNA Law	The DNA Technology (Use and Application) Bill, 2019 remains pending in Parliament
Privacy Risks	Sensitive genetic data could be misused for profiling or surveillance
Chain of Custody	Lack of standardized procedures may lead to tampering or inadmissibility

2. Institutional Challenges

Lack of Trained Forensic Staff: Few institutions offer hands-on forensic biotech training
Backlog in Existing Labs: CFSLs already overburdened, delays up to 1 year for DNA reports
Under-Integration with Police & Judiciary: Forensic inputs often underused or misunderstood during investigation

3. Technological & Resource Constraints

High Cost of Equipment: DNA sequencers, thermal cyclers, and consumables are expensive
Poor Rural Access: Crime scene sample collection and preservation often botched in interior areas
Cybersecurity of DNA Databases: Risk of breach and manipulation without robust encryption and oversight

🔹 Case Study: Assam’s DNA Lab Initiative

First state-level facility approved in April 2025
Will reduce dependency on Hyderabad and Kolkata CFSLs
Funded partially by the Nirbhaya Fund, focusing on crimes against women and children
Located in Guwahati, with plans to serve entire Northeast

🔹 Reforms Needed

A. Legal Framework & Oversight

Pass the DNA Technology Bill with strict rules on data collection, consent, and access
Establish DNA Regulatory Authority with quasi-judicial powers for redressal

B. Capacity Building

Set up Forensic Biotech Courses in universities (e.g., IIT-Guwahati, NFSU campuses)
Train police, magistrates, and lawyers in scientific evidence handling

C. Victim-Centric Protocols

Ensure informed consent and trauma-sensitive sample collection, especially for minors and survivors
Protect identity and dignity in reporting and court usage

D. Technological Integration

Link DNA Labs to Crime and Criminal Tracking Network System (CCTNS)
Develop secure DNA databanks with limited, role-based access

🔹 Conclusion

While DNA profiling can revolutionize India’s criminal justice system, it must be anchored in law, ethics, and institutional strength. Assam’s pioneering initiative can be a blueprint for the Northeast and beyond, but only if backed by transparency, skilled manpower, and a citizen-rights-first approach.

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