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APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 22/12/2025

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, practicing Daily Answer Writing is vital. This blog covers the most important Main question and its model Answer from the Assam Tribune today (22-12-2025).

GS Mains Question

“Despite bans and judicial directions, illegal coal mining persists in Assam.”
Examine the governance and enforcement challenges involved and suggest measures to address them.

Model Answer

Introduction

Illegal coal mining continues in parts of Assam despite statutory bans and court orders. The persistence of unsafe, unscientific extraction practices points to deeper failures in regulatory enforcement, inter-agency coordination, and livelihood governance, particularly in ecologically sensitive regions.

Governance and Enforcement Challenges

Weak Enforcement Capacity
- Inadequate inspections, manpower shortages, and limited surveillance in remote areas
Local Nexus and Rent-Seeking
- Collusion among operators, transporters, and some officials undermines deterrence
Livelihood Dependence
- Poverty and lack of alternatives push communities toward illegal mining
Inter-Agency Gaps
- Poor coordination among mining, forest, police, and revenue departments
Monitoring Deficit
- Limited use of technology to track extraction and coal movement

Impacts

Environmental Damage
- Deforestation, water pollution, land degradation in fragile ecosystems
Human Safety Risks
- Cave-ins, flooding, and toxic gas exposure
Rule of Law Erosion
- Non-compliance weakens judicial authority and public trust

Way Forward

Zero-Tolerance Enforcement
- Time-bound crackdowns with accountability for officials
Tech-Enabled Monitoring
- Satellite imagery, drones, GPS tracking of coal transport
Alternative Livelihoods
- Skill training and local employment diversification
Inter-Agency Task Forces
- Unified command with clear roles and data sharing
Community Engagement
- Incentivised reporting and awareness programmes

Conclusion

Curbing illegal coal mining in Assam requires credible enforcement backed by technology, alongside livelihood alternatives and institutional accountability. A coordinated, community-inclusive approach is essential to protect ecology, ensure safety, and uphold the rule of law.m, balancing growth with conservation.and engagement remains the most sustainable path forward.

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