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APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 14/02/2025

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, practicing Daily Answer Writing is vital. This blog covers the most important Main question and its model Answer from the Assam Tribune today (14-02-2025).

Question: The imposition of President’s Rule in Manipur highlights the complexities of federalism and governance in India. Critically analyze the constitutional, political, and administrative implications of Article 356 in the Indian context. Suggest reforms to prevent its misuse while ensuring effective governance.

Model Answer

Introduction

President’s Rule under Article 356 of the Constitution is imposed when a state government fails to function in accordance with the Constitution. The recent imposition of President’s Rule in Manipur (2025) reflects ongoing governance challenges, including ethnic conflicts and political instability. While Article 356 aims to restore order, its frequent use raises concerns about federalism, democracy, and misuse for political ends.

Constitutional Provisions and Rationale

Article 356 empowers the President to assume state governance functions if the Governor reports a constitutional breakdown.
Parliament must approve it within two months, and it can last up to six months, extendable to three years with periodic approval.
The Supreme Court’s SR Bommai Case (1994) set limits on arbitrary use, ensuring judicial review.

Political and Administrative Implications

1. Impact on Federalism

✅ Weakens State Autonomy: The central government gains control over a state, undermining the spirit of federalism.
✅ Governor’s Discretion: The role of the Governor becomes controversial, as they act on behalf of the Centre.
✅ Judicial Review & Checks: The SR Bommai case emphasized that President’s Rule cannot be used for political motives.

2. Governance & Administration

✅ Restoring Law and Order: In cases of ethnic violence or insurgency, central rule can stabilize governance.
✅ Suspended Animation vs. Dissolution: The Assembly is usually kept in suspended animation rather than dissolved, allowing future restoration.
✅ Bureaucratic Control: State administration runs under central directives, impacting local decision-making.

3. Challenges and Criticism

❌ Potential for Political Misuse: Historically, Article 356 has been used to topple opposition governments.
❌ Erosion of Democratic Mandate: Elected state governments may be dismissed prematurely.
❌ Delayed Resolution of Local Conflicts: President’s Rule is a short-term fix and does not always resolve root causes of instability.

Reforms to Prevent Misuse

Stronger Judicial Oversight
- Mandate that the Governor’s report be subject to judicial review before imposing President’s Rule.
Alternative Conflict Resolution Mechanisms
- Before invoking Article 356, explore Governor’s Rule or mediation by independent commissions.
Parliamentary Approval with Stricter Conditions
- Require a special two-thirds majority in Parliament for extensions beyond six months.
Decentralized Crisis Management
- Strengthen State Disaster Response Mechanisms to handle law-and-order situations locally.

Conclusion The recent imposition of President’s Rule in Manipur highlights the delicate balance between state autonomy and national governance. While Article 356 is necessary for constitutional crises, its misuse must be checked through judicial oversight and political accountability. Strengthening federal cooperation and local governance is the key to preventing repeated breakdowns in state administration.

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