APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 07/02/2025

Model answer

Model Answer

Introduction

Wetlands play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation, climate regulation, and water management. Deepor Beel, a Ramsar Wetland Site in Assam, is one of the largest freshwater lakes in the region, providing ecological, economic, and cultural benefits. However, increasing urbanization, pollution, and encroachments threaten its survival.

Significance of Deepor Beel

1. Ecological Importance
   • Home to over 200 species of birds, including the Greater Adjutant Stork and Spot-Billed Pelican.
   • Supports rich aquatic biodiversity and functions as a natural stormwater reservoir for Guwahati.
2. Climate and Environmental Benefits
   • Acts as a carbon sink, mitigating climate change impacts.
   • Helps prevent urban flooding by absorbing excess rainwater.
3. Economic and Livelihood Importance
   • Supports local fishing communities and provides resources for wetland-based livelihoods.
   • Has the potential to become an eco-tourism hub, promoting sustainable income sources.

Challenges Facing Deepor Beel

1. Encroachments and Land Conversion
   • Illegal settlements and urban expansion of Guwahati have reduced wetland area.
   • Lack of strict enforcement of wetland protection laws.
2. Pollution from Garbage Dumping and Sewage
   • Borahgaon Garbage Dump releases toxic waste and heavy metals into the water.
   • Untreated sewage and industrial effluents have degraded water quality.
3. Disturbance from Infrastructure Development
   • A railway line passing through Deepor Beel causes noise pollution and disrupts wildlife habitats.
   • Declining water levels and siltation affect the wetland ecosystem.
4. Weak Conservation Efforts
   • Lack of coordinated management between state agencies, forest departments, and municipalities.
   • Insufficient funds for wetland restoration projects.

Measures for Conservation

✅ Strict Anti-Encroachment Measures – Demarcate protected wetland boundaries and remove illegal settlements.
✅ Relocation of Garbage Dumping Site – Shift the Borahgaon landfill to prevent pollution of Deepor Beel.
✅ Scientific Wetland Management – Improve water quality monitoring, de-siltation, and aquatic vegetation restoration.
✅ Community Participation – Involve local fishermen and indigenous communities in conservation programs.
✅ Sustainable Eco-Tourism Development – Promote regulated boating, birdwatching, and nature trails to generate revenue for conservation.
✅ Stronger Legal Frameworks & Implementation – Enforce Wetlands (Conservation & Management) Rules, 2017 to ensure strict penalties for violations.

Conclusion Deepor Beel is an ecological treasure of Assam, but rapid urbanization and poor waste management have put it at risk. The recent Gauhati High Court directive is a step in the right direction. However, sustained conservation efforts, strict legal enforcement, and community participation are essential for ensuring the long-term survival of Deepor Beel as a vital wetland ecosystem.