APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 05/02/2025

Model answer

Model Answer

Introduction

India has been a key member of the United Nations (UN) since 1945 and actively contributes to peacekeeping, global governance, and multilateral diplomacy. However, despite its economic and strategic importance, India is yet to secure a permanent seat in the UN Security Council (UNSC). The push for UNSC reform is essential to make global governance more representative and inclusive.

India’s Contributions to the UN

1. Financial Contributions
   • India contributes to the UN Regular Budget, Peacekeeping Fund, and Voluntary Contributions.
   • Increased its UN budget share by 6% in 2025, reinforcing its commitment to multilateralism.
2. UN Peacekeeping Missions
   • India is one of the largest troop contributors to UN peacekeeping operations in South Sudan, Lebanon, and Congo.
   • Deployed women peacekeepers to conflict zones, strengthening India’s soft power.
3. Development and Humanitarian Assistance
   • India supports UN programs like UNDP, WHO, and WFP.
   • Led COVID-19 vaccine distribution through COVAX and Vaccine Maitri Initiative.
4. Climate Leadership and Global Diplomacy
   • India launched the International Solar Alliance (ISA) under the UN framework.
   • Advocates for climate finance and technology transfer at UN summits.

Challenges in Securing a Permanent UNSC Seat

1. Opposition from P5 Nations
   • China opposes India’s bid, supporting Pakistan instead.
   • USA and Russia offer conditional support, but reforms are slow.
2. Lack of Consensus on UN Reforms
   • The P5 (USA, UK, China, Russia, France) hold veto power and resist change.
   • The United for Consensus (UfC) group, led by Italy and Pakistan, opposes expansion.
3. Geopolitical Rivalries
   • Pakistan and China block India’s candidacy at various UN forums.
   • India’s regional conflicts and border tensions affect diplomatic efforts.
4. Limited Financial Contributions
   • India’s financial share in the UN budget is less than 1%, while the USA contributes 22%.
   • Economic power often influences voting dynamics.

Way Forward for India

✅ Strengthening Alliances – Deepen ties with G4 nations (India, Germany, Japan, Brazil) to push for UNSC reforms.
✅ Diplomatic Engagement with P5 – Engage in strategic negotiations with USA, UK, and France to build consensus.
✅ Expanding Financial Commitments – Increase UN funding and leadership in climate action, peacekeeping, and humanitarian aid.
✅ Leveraging G20 and BRICS Presidency – Use platforms like G20, BRICS, and QUAD to highlight the need for UN reforms.
✅ Public Advocacy for UN Reform – Mobilize Global South nations to demand a more democratic UN.

Conclusion India’s contributions to the UN reflect its growing global stature, but securing a permanent UNSC seat remains a challenge. By expanding its financial influence, strengthening strategic partnerships, and continuing diplomatic efforts, India can enhance its position in global governance and shape international decision-making in the future.