Table of Contents

APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 04/07/2025

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, practicing Daily Answer Writing is vital. This blog covers the most important Main question and its model Answer from the Assam Tribune today (04-07-2025).

❓ Question:

Despite sustained public health efforts, Japanese Encephalitis (JE) remains a recurring threat in Assam. Analyze the causes behind its persistence and geographical expansion. Suggest a multi-pronged strategy to mitigate its impact.
(Word Limit: 250)

✅ Model Answer:

🔸 Introduction
Japanese Encephalitis (JE), a mosquito-borne viral disease, continues to afflict Assam annually, with recent outbreaks reported from even non-traditional districts. This reflects a worrying trend of epidemiological expansion and persistent public health challenges in the state.

🔹 Causes of Persistence and Expansion

Climatic & Environmental Factors
- Assam’s warm, humid monsoon climate provides ideal breeding grounds for Culex mosquitoes.
- Stagnant water bodies and paddy fields aid mosquito proliferation.
Zoonotic Interface
- JE virus cycles between pigs and birds, with pigs acting as amplifying hosts.
- Close proximity of livestock to human dwellings increases human exposure.
Inequitable Vaccination Coverage
- Vaccination is targeted at endemic areas; non-traditional zones lack immunity, allowing spread.
- Vaccine drives are seasonal and often begin after the outbreak has peaked.
Weak Rural Health Infrastructure
- Limited access to early diagnosis and intensive care in remote areas.
Vector Control Limitations
- Fogging is hampered during rainy seasons; chemical washout reduces effectiveness.
- Community awareness about preventive measures is uneven.

🔹 Multi-Pronged Mitigation Strategy

Integrated Vector Control
- Regular fogging, larvicidal treatment, and use of biological controls like guppy fish.
- Promote eco-friendly mosquito repellents and drain management in paddy belts.
Zoonotic Risk Management
- Relocate pigsties away from human habitation.
- Monitor and vaccinate pig populations in high-risk zones.
Revamp Vaccination Strategy
- Advance immunization schedule to pre-monsoon months (March–April).
- Expand coverage to include emerging vulnerable districts.
Strengthen Primary Health Services
- Set up rapid diagnostic camps and mobile ICU units in rural areas.
- Free and prompt treatment as per NHM protocols.
Public Awareness Campaigns
- Door-to-door health education, school-based awareness drives, use of vernacular IEC material.
One Health Approach
- Integrate efforts of Health, Veterinary, Rural Development and Forest departments for joint action.

🔸 Conclusion
To prevent JE from becoming a chronic endemic crisis, Assam must adopt a proactive, decentralized, and integrated health governance approach, tailored to its ecological and socio-economic realities.

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