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APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 01/03/2025

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, practicing Daily Answer Writing is vital. This blog covers the most important Main question and its model Answer from the Assam Tribune today (01-03-2025).

Mains Question

“The ongoing ethnic conflict and insurgency in Manipur highlight the complex interplay between governance, security, and ethnic identity. Analyze the causes of the conflict and suggest measures to ensure long-term peace and stability in the region.” (GS Paper 3: Internal Security & Governance)

Model Answer

Introduction

Manipur has witnessed recurring ethnic violence, particularly between the Meitei and Kuki-Zomi communities. The recent unrest, coupled with the presence of multiple insurgent groups, has necessitated direct intervention by the central government. The conflict stems from historical grievances, political representation issues, land rights disputes, and external influences from Myanmar-based insurgents.

Causes of the Conflict

1. Ethnic Tensions and Identity Politics

The Meiteis (53%) demand Scheduled Tribe (ST) status, which the Kuki-Zomi groups (16%) oppose, fearing loss of tribal land rights.
Ethnic nationalism and historical grievances fuel resentment between different groups.

2. Land and Resource Disputes

Manipur’s hill-valley divide leads to conflicts over land ownership and administrative control.
The Manipur Land Revenue & Land Reforms Act, 1960, prohibits valley residents (mainly Meiteis) from buying land in hill areas, increasing economic disparity.

3. Insurgency and Armed Groups

Insurgent outfits such as NSCN-IM, UNLF, KNA, PLA operate in Manipur, often engaging in armed conflicts.
Frequent cross-border movement of militants through Myanmar worsens security conditions.

4. Role of External Factors

The political crisis in Myanmar (post-2021 coup) has led to increased illegal migration and arms trafficking, worsening violence.
Alleged links between drug cartels and insurgent groups pose a major law enforcement challenge.

5. Governance and Political Challenges

Delayed political response and mistrust in state security forces have exacerbated tensions.
Frequent internet shutdowns and curfews affect public communication and transparency in governance.

Measures for Long-Term Peace and Stability

1. Inclusive Governance and Political Dialogue

Initiate inter-community peace talks between Meitei and Kuki-Zomi leaders, with neutral mediators.
Address grievances over political representation through autonomy measures or power-sharing models.

2. Strengthening Law and Order

Deploy more neutral central forces (Assam Rifles, CRPF) instead of local police, who face allegations of bias.
Implement fast-track courts for conflict-related cases to ensure justice.

3. Resolving the Insurgency Issue

Expand the “Suspension of Operations (SoO) Agreements” with militant groups while ensuring strict compliance.
Conduct rehabilitation programs for surrendered militants, offering skill development and employment.

4. Economic Development and Job Creation

Promote Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and industrial investments to reduce unemployment.
Develop infrastructure and connectivity to integrate hill and valley economies.

5. Enhancing Border Security

Strengthen India-Myanmar border management by increasing surveillance and fencing key infiltration routes.
Improve intelligence-sharing mechanisms with Myanmar to curb arms smuggling.

Conclusion

Manipur’s ethnic crisis is a multi-dimensional issue requiring a balanced approach of dialogue, security measures, and economic reforms. While short-term conflict resolution requires effective law enforcement and peace talks, long-term stability depends on inclusive development, political representation, and community engagement. The government must act swiftly to prevent further escalation and foster lasting peace in the region.

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