APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 18/02/2025
Q.The Brahmaputra River plays a crucial role in Assam’s economy and ecology, yet challenges such as flooding, siltation, and navigability issues persist. Critically examine the significance of the Brahmaputra Dredging Project and suggest sustainable measures to balance economic development with environmental conservation.
Model Answer
Introduction
The Brahmaputra River, one of India’s largest and most dynamic rivers, is crucial for agriculture, inland water transport, hydroelectricity, and biodiversity in Assam. However, silt accumulation, seasonal floods, and erosion hinder its economic potential. The Brahmaputra Dredging Project, launched by the Assam government, aims to improve navigability, mitigate floods, and enhance trade connectivity with Bangladesh.
Significance of the Brahmaputra Dredging Project
✅ Boosts Inland Water Transport (IWT)
- Dredging enhances year-round navigability, reducing reliance on road and rail transport.
- Strengthens National Waterway-2 (NW-2) and improves trade with Bangladesh and Northeast India.
✅ Flood Mitigation & Erosion Control
- Reduces waterlogging in urban and rural areas.
- Helps in channelizing excess water to prevent bank erosion.
✅ Economic & Trade Benefits
- Cheaper transport for tea, petroleum, and agricultural products.
- Attracts investment in river tourism and logistics hubs.
✅ Strengthens Indo-Bangladesh Relations
- Improves cross-border water connectivity, promoting bilateral trade and cultural exchanges.
Challenges & Environmental Concerns
🚧 Ecological Disruptions – Dredging may alter aquatic ecosystems, affecting fisheries and riverine biodiversity.
🚧 Continuous Silt Deposition – Brahmaputra’s high sediment load requires frequent dredging, increasing costs.
🚧 Riverbank Erosion Risks – Improper dredging may accelerate soil erosion, threatening settlements.
🚧 Climate Change Impact – Rising glacial melt and rainfall variations complicate long-term water management.
Sustainable Measures for Balancing Development & Conservation
✅ Eco-Friendly Dredging Techniques
- Use scientific riverbed management to minimize habitat destruction.
- Adopt bio-engineering solutions for riverbank stabilization.
✅ Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for Infrastructure Development
- Encourage private investments in river ports and cargo terminals.
- Develop modern jetties and logistics hubs for efficient trade.
✅ Integrated Flood Management Strategies
- Construct embankments with green buffers to protect flood-prone areas.
- Implement afforestation programs along riverbanks to reduce erosion.
✅ Collaboration with Bangladesh on Water Resource Management
- Joint initiatives under the India-Bangladesh Protocol on Inland Water Transit.
- Data sharing for flood forecasting and disaster preparedness.
Conclusion
The Brahmaputra Dredging Project is a transformative initiative that can unlock Assam’s trade potential, reduce flood hazards, and promote sustainable economic growth. However, a scientific, eco-sensitive approach is essential to balance development with environmental conservation. Integrating modern technology, community participation, and cross-border cooperation can make Assam’s inland waterway system a model for sustainable river management in India.
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