APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 17/07/2026

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, practicing Daily Answer Writing is vital. This blog covers the most important Main question and its model Answer from the Assam Tribune today (17-07-2026).

📘 GS Mains Model Question (APSC CCE)

Q. “Urban flooding in Guwahati is no longer merely a drainage problem but a manifestation of unsustainable urbanisation and climate change.” Discuss the major causes of urban flooding in Guwahati and suggest a comprehensive strategy for building a flood-resilient city. (15 Marks, 250 Words)

Model Answer

Introduction (30–40 words)

The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) defines urban flooding as the inundation of land due to inadequate drainage systems combined with intense rainfall. In Guwahati, increasing episodes of urban flooding reflect the combined impact of rapid urbanisation, ecological degradation and climate-induced extreme rainfall events, making flood resilience a governance priority.

Body

I. Major Causes of Urban Flooding in Guwahati

1. Unplanned Urbanisation

Encroachment of natural drainage channels (Bahinis).
Construction on floodplains and low-lying areas.
Declining permeable surfaces due to rapid urban expansion.

2. Wetland Degradation

Shrinking of wetlands such as Deepor Beel, Silsako Beel and other urban water bodies.
Reduced natural storage capacity for excess rainwater.

3. Inadequate Drainage Infrastructure

Outdated stormwater drainage network.
Siltation and blockage due to solid waste.
Lack of regular maintenance and desiltation.

4. Geographical Constraints

Guwahati is surrounded by the Meghalaya Plateau and drained by numerous seasonal streams.
Heavy runoff from surrounding hills causes rapid water accumulation in low-lying areas like Jorabat and Khanapara.

5. Climate Change

Increased frequency of short-duration, high-intensity rainfall events (IPCC AR6).
Greater incidence of flash floods and waterlogging.

II. Consequences

Economic

Damage to roads, bridges and public infrastructure.
Business disruption and productivity losses.

Social

Traffic congestion.
School closures.
Disruption of emergency services.
Public inconvenience.

Environmental

Wetland degradation.
Water pollution.
Decline in groundwater recharge.
Loss of urban biodiversity.

Public Health

Outbreaks of dengue, malaria and water-borne diseases.
Contamination of drinking water.

III. Comprehensive Strategy for Flood Resilience

A. Nature-based Solutions

Protect and restore wetlands.
Rejuvenate Bharalu River and urban streams.
Develop urban green corridors and biodiversity parks.

B. Scientific Urban Planning

Strict enforcement of land-use regulations.
Prevent construction on floodplains and drainage channels.
Integrate flood-risk assessments into master plans.

C. Smart Drainage Infrastructure

Upgrade stormwater drainage systems.
Regular desiltation and maintenance.
GIS-based mapping of drainage networks.

D. Sponge City Approach

Promote permeable pavements.
Rainwater harvesting.
Green roofs and rain gardens.
Urban forests for enhanced infiltration.

E. Institutional Coordination

Strengthen coordination among GMDA, GMC, ASDMA, Water Resources Department and the Meghalaya Government for integrated watershed management.

F. Community Participation

Awareness on waste segregation.
Citizen-led monitoring of drains.
Community-based flood preparedness.

Conclusion (30–40 words)

Urban flooding in Guwahati demands a shift from reactive drainage management to integrated urban resilience. Combining ecosystem restoration, climate-responsive infrastructure, scientific land-use planning and participatory governance will help transform Guwahati into a sustainable and flood-resilient city, aligned with SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and SDG 13 (Climate Action).

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