APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 22/01/2025

Model answer

Model Answer

Introduction
Illegal coal mining in Assam, particularly in ecologically sensitive areas like Dihing-Patkai Wildlife Sanctuary, has emerged as a pressing issue. It not only undermines environmental governance but also impacts sustainable development by disrupting ecosystems and threatening local livelihoods.

Body

Issues Involved

1. Environmental Impact:
   • Deforestation and biodiversity loss in protected areas.
   • Water and air pollution due to unregulated mining practices.
2. Governance Challenges:
   • Weak enforcement of regulations and lack of accountability.
   • Political interference and alleged complicity of local officials.
3. Economic Trade-offs:
   • Dependence of local communities on mining for livelihood.
   • Loss of state revenue due to illegal activities.
4. Social Implications:
   • Displacement of tribal communities.
   • Health hazards caused by air and water pollution.

Way Forward

1. Strengthening Regulatory Framework:
   • Ensure strict implementation of Supreme Court and NGT orders.
   • Leverage technology like satellite monitoring for real-time tracking.
2. Community Engagement:
   • Provide alternative livelihoods through skill development programs.
   • Encourage community-based monitoring of mining activities.
3. Policy Reforms:
   • Implement transparent e-auctioning of mining leases.
   • Promote sustainable mining practices through public-private partnerships.
4. Environmental Safeguards:
   • Declare eco-sensitive zones around wildlife sanctuaries.
   • Conduct regular environmental impact assessments (EIAs).
5. Capacity Building:
   • Train enforcement agencies and local officials in environmental governance.

Conclusion
Illegal coal mining in Assam highlights the delicate balance between economic development and environmental conservation. A multi-stakeholder approach combining robust governance, community participation, and sustainable practices is essential to address these challenges and ensure long-term environmental and economic sustainability.