APSC MCQs / APSC Prelims Practice Questions based on Assam Tribune (Daily) –22/09/2026
For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, practicing Daily MCQs is vital. This blog covers most important Prelims questions from the Assam Tribune today (22-09-2026). These issues are key for both APSC Prelims syllabus, offering insights into the important topics of current affairs.
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APSC MCQs / APSC Prelims Practice Questions (Date: 22/09/2026)
Topic 1: Agricultural Land Loss Due to Riverbank Erosion in Assam
Q1. With reference to riverbank erosion in Assam, consider the following statements:
- Riverbank erosion can cause loss of agricultural land even without permanent inundation of the affected land.
- The Brahmaputra and its tributaries contribute to riverbank erosion in Assam.
- Satellite-based remote sensing can be used to assess spatial changes in riverbanks and land-use patterns.
- Riverbank erosion is exclusively a geological phenomenon and cannot be influenced by changes in river discharge and sediment dynamics.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 1 and 4 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: A
Explanation:
Riverbank erosion is influenced by river discharge, sediment load, channel migration, bank material and other geomorphological factors. Remote sensing is an important tool for monitoring erosion. Statement 4 is incorrect.
Q2. Consider the following pairs:
| River/Tributary | State relevance |
| 1. Subansiri | Assam |
| 2. Beki | Assam |
| 3. Manas | Assam |
| 4. Dhansiri | Assam |
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
A. Only one
B. Only two
C. Only three
D. All four
Answer: D
Explanation:
Subansiri, Beki, Manas and Dhansiri are among the river systems associated with Assam and have relevance to flood and/or erosion dynamics in the State.
Q3. The term river avulsion, sometimes discussed in relation to changing river courses in the Brahmaputra basin, refers to:
A. Gradual increase in groundwater recharge due to river flooding
B. Sudden abandonment of an existing river channel in favour of a new course
C. Deposition of only fine sediments on agricultural land
D. Artificial deepening of a river channel for navigation
Answer: B
Explanation:
River avulsion is a relatively rapid change in the course of a river when flow shifts from an existing channel to a new pathway. In a highly dynamic alluvial river system such as the Brahmaputra, channel migration and avulsion can have major implications for settlements and agricultural land.
Q4. With reference to the NESAC study reported in The Assam Tribune, consider the following statements:
- The study assessed land affected by riverbank erosion during 2016–2024.
- Agricultural land constituted a substantial share of the land affected by erosion.
- Barpeta, Dhubri and Nalbari were among the districts identified as particularly affected.
- Remote sensing has no role in identifying erosion hotspots.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 1 and 4 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: A
Explanation:
The reported NESAC assessment used satellite-based analysis to quantify erosion-related land loss during 2016–2024. It estimated 67,580.55 ha of affected land, including 30,289.45 ha of agricultural land. Remote sensing is particularly useful for identifying spatial and temporal erosion patterns.
Topic 2: NRL–ABEPL 2G Bamboo-Based Bio-Ethanol Project
Q5. With reference to second-generation (2G) biofuels, consider the following statements:
- 2G biofuels can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass.
- Agricultural residues can serve as feedstock for 2G biofuels.
- Bamboo can serve as a lignocellulosic feedstock.
- 2G biofuels necessarily require food grains as their principal feedstock.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 1 and 4 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: A
Explanation:
2G biofuels are derived mainly from lignocellulosic biomass, including agricultural residues, grasses and woody biomass. Bamboo can therefore be used as a feedstock. Unlike conventional 1G ethanol, 2G ethanol does not principally depend on food crops such as sugarcane or maize.
Q6. Consider the following sequence in the production of lignocellulosic 2G ethanol:
- Pretreatment of biomass
- Release of fermentable sugars
- Fermentation
- Distillation/separation
Which of the following represents the most appropriate broad sequence?
A. 1 → 2 → 3 → 4
B. 2 → 1 → 4 → 3
C. 3 → 1 → 2 → 4
D. 4 → 3 → 1 → 2
Answer: A
Explanation:
Lignocellulosic biomass is first pretreated to make cellulose and hemicellulose more accessible. Sugars are then released/hydrolysed, fermented by microorganisms and subsequently separated/purified to obtain ethanol.
Q7. With reference to the Numaligarh bamboo-based 2G ethanol project, consider the following statements:
- Bamboo is used as the principal biomass feedstock.
- Local-level entrepreneurs have a role in aggregation and processing of bamboo into chips.
- The project is intended to create linkages between rural producers and a bio-refinery.
- The project is based on production of only ethanol, with no other planned products.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 1 and 4 only
C. 2 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: A
Explanation:
ABEPL’s supply-chain model includes bamboo farmers, harvesting/transport operators, Local Level Entrepreneurs (LLEs), and transporters. The refinery is also designed to produce co-products such as furfural, acetic acid and food-grade liquid CO₂.
Q8. Which one of the following best explains why 2G ethanol is considered potentially advantageous from a food-versus-fuel perspective?
A. It uses only imported petroleum products as feedstock
B. It primarily uses lignocellulosic biomass rather than edible food crops
C. It eliminates the need for fermentation
D. It can be produced only from algae
Answer: B
Explanation:
A major rationale for 2G ethanol is the utilisation of non-food lignocellulosic biomass, such as crop residues and bamboo. This can reduce direct competition between fuel production and food use. However, commercial viability depends on technology, feedstock logistics, collection costs and conversion efficiency.
Topic 3: ISRO–ISTRAC Advanced Radar Research Facility & Project NETRA
Q9. With reference to Project NETRA, consider the following statements:
- It is associated with India’s Space Situational Awareness (SSA) capabilities.
- It aims to monitor and track objects in space.
- Space debris monitoring is relevant to the objectives of SSA.
- It is primarily a programme for exploration of Earth’s deep oceans.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 1 and 4 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: A
Explanation:
Project NETRA — Network for Space Objects Tracking and Analysis — is associated with India’s Space Situational Awareness efforts. It involves tracking and analysing satellites and other space objects, including debris. The Chandrapur facility is being established as part of this effort.
Q10. Consider the following statements regarding radar and optical telescopes used for Space Situational Awareness:
- Radar uses electromagnetic waves to detect and track objects.
- Optical telescopes can provide information about the optical characteristics and position of space objects.
- Radar-based observation is inherently restricted to daylight hours.
- Combining radar and optical observations can improve space-object tracking capabilities.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1, 2 and 4 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: A
Explanation:
Radar systems can operate independent of daylight and can provide information such as range and velocity. Optical systems observe reflected/emitted electromagnetic radiation and are affected by illumination and atmospheric conditions. Combining different sensors improves SSA.
Q11. With reference to ISTRAC, consider the following statements:
- ISTRAC stands for ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network.
- It provides ground-segment support for several ISRO missions.
- Its activities include tracking, telemetry and command functions.
- It has no role in weather-radar development or search-and-rescue services.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 1 and 4 only
C. 2 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: A
Explanation:
ISTRAC provides ground-segment support for low-Earth-orbit and interplanetary missions, navigation missions and launch vehicles. ISRO also states that ISTRAC undertakes weather-radar development and search-and-rescue operations.
Q12. The proposed radar facility at Chandrapur, Assam, has relevance beyond space-object tracking because:
A. Weather and cloud radars can provide information useful for understanding atmospheric phenomena
B. Radar systems can directly eliminate tropical cyclones
C. Radar observation replaces all satellite-based weather observation
D. Radar systems can prevent riverbank erosion independently of river-management measures
Answer: A
Explanation:
The Chandrapur facility is also expected to host a cloud-research radar, which can improve understanding of weather and atmospheric phenomena in Assam and the Northeast. Radar observations can complement satellite data, rain gauges and numerical weather models.
Topic 4: Assam Land & Revenue Regulation Amendment, 2026 & the 1971 Cut-off Issue
Q13. With reference to the Assam Accord, consider the following statements:
- 1 January 1966 was specified as the base date and year for detection and deletion of foreigners.
- Persons who came to Assam between 1 January 1966 and 24 March 1971 are dealt with under a specific detection and registration framework.
- Persons who came to Assam on or after 25 March 1971 are to continue to be detected, deleted and expelled according to law.
- Clause 5 of the Assam Accord primarily deals with constitutional safeguards for Assamese people.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 1 and 4 only
C. 2, 3 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: A
Explanation:
Clause 5 of the Assam Accord deals with the issue of foreigners. It specifies 1 January 1966 as the base date and contains separate provisions for those arriving up to 24 March 1971 and on/after 25 March 1971. Clause 6, rather than Clause 5, concerns constitutional, legislative and administrative safeguards for Assamese people.
Q14. With reference to the updating of the NRC in Assam, consider the following statements:
- The midnight of 24 March 1971 is relevant to the legacy-data framework used for NRC updating.
- NRC inclusion requires only proof of residence in Assam after 2006.
- The Citizenship Act, 1955 and the Citizenship (Registration of Citizens and Issue of National Identity Cards) Rules, 2003 form part of the legal framework governing the NRC update.
- A person’s status as an “original inhabitant” under a State land law is automatically equivalent to Indian citizenship.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 3 only
B. 1, 2 and 3 only
C. 2 and 4 only
D. 1, 3 and 4 only
Answer: A
Explanation:
The official Assam NRC material identifies 24 March 1971 as the relevant date for legacy data and states that the NRC update is governed by the Citizenship Act, 1955 and the 2003 Rules. Importantly, land-law status and citizenship are legally distinct concepts.
Q15. With reference to the controversy surrounding the “original inhabitant” provision in the Assam Land & Revenue Regulation Amendment, 2026, consider the following statements:
- The amendment concerns land regulation and protection of specified heritage areas.
- The reported criticism argues that the definition could have implications for the NRC/citizenship framework.
- The reported criticism itself establishes that the 1971 cut-off under the Assam Accord has legally been changed to 1979.
- Citizenship and land regulation operate under distinct legal frameworks.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1, 2 and 4 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2, 3 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: A
Explanation:
The 2026 amendment concerns the regulation/protection of land around specified heritage institutions. The reported representation by Upamanyu Hazarika argues that the “three generations” definition could have implications for NRC-related verification. It does not, by itself, establish that the Assam Accord’s 1971 framework has been legally changed to 1979. The Assam Accord continues to specify its own dates.
Q16. Consider the following statements regarding the relationship between the Assam Accord, NRC and State land laws:
- The Assam Accord is an agreement dealing, among other matters, with detection of foreigners in Assam.
- The NRC update in Assam has a legal basis in central citizenship legislation and associated rules.
- A State law regulating land ownership can automatically amend the Citizenship Act, 1955.
- Therefore, a definition used for a particular purpose in State land law should not automatically be treated as a determination of citizenship.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1, 2 and 4 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2, 3 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: A
Explanation:
The Assam Accord addresses the foreigners issue, while the NRC update is governed by the Citizenship Act, 1955 and the 2003 Rules. A State land law does not automatically amend central citizenship legislation. Therefore, “original inhabitant” for land-law purposes should not automatically be equated with “citizen” for citizenship/NRC purposes.
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