APSC CCE Mains PYQ Solved | APSC CCE 2023 Model Answer

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APSC Mains GS Paper 2: 2023: “Good governance is considered a key to achieving sustainable development and human well-being.” Evaluate this assertion with reference to the initiatives undertaken by the Government of India in realizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). (15 Marks, 250 words)

Model Answer:

According to the NITI Aayog SDG India Index 2023-24, India’s overall SDG score has improved to 71, driven by targeted government interventions. This validates that effective, transparent, and human-centric governance is the absolute bedrock of sustainable development.

1. Good Governance as the Engine of Sustainable Development

Effective Resource Utilization: Good governance ensures minimal leakage and efficient allocation, directly impacting poverty (SDG 1) and hunger (SDG 2).
Decentralization & Localization: Empowering local self-governments (PRIs) ensures community-driven development, echoing the ethos of ‘Minimum Government, Maximum Governance’.
Rule of Law & Equity: Robust institutions and transparent mechanisms guarantee equitable justice and human well-being without discrimination.

2. Evaluating GoI Initiatives Realizing SDGs through Governance

Governance Pillar	Associated SDGs	Key Government Initiatives & Impact
Transparency & E-Governance	SDG 16 (Strong Institutions), SDG 10	JAM Trinity & DBT: ₹34 lakh crore transferred via PM Jan Dhan accounts, eliminating ghost beneficiaries. Over 95.5% Aadhaar coverage ensures precise targeting.
Equity & Inclusiveness	SDG 1, 2, 3 (Poverty, Hunger, Health)	Ayushman Bharat-PMJAY covers 30+ crore citizens; NFSA secures food for 80 crore. APSC Context: Assam’s Orunodoi scheme directly empowers women and tackles multidimensional poverty.
Basic Amenities & Dignity	SDG 6 (Clean Water), SDG 11	Jal Jeevan Mission: Tap water to 14.9+ crore households. Swachh Bharat Mission: 11 crore toilets built, drastically elevating rural health metrics.
Environmental Accountability	SDG 7, 13, 15 (Clean Energy, Climate)	PM Ujjwala Yojana (clean cooking fuel access reached 96.35%) and Saubhagya (100% electrification). Solar capacity scaled to 73+ GW.
Competitive Federalism	SDG 17 (Partnerships for Goals)	The Aspirational Districts Programme and NITI Aayog’s SDG India Index foster data-driven policymaking. Note: Assam was a fastest-moving state, leaping 8 points in 2023-24.

3. Persistent Governance Challenges

Implementation Deficit: Performance remains uneven across states (e.g., gender equality remains the lowest-scoring goal in the SDG Index).
Capacity Constraints: Weak institutional capacity at the Gram Panchayat level hampers the micro-planning required for localized SDGs.

By institutionalizing the philosophy of Antyodaya and leveraging data-driven administration, India can bridge execution gaps, ensuring that the demographic dividend of Amrit Kaal translates into an inclusive, resilient, and sustainable future for all.

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