APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 08/07/2026

Model answer

Model Answer

Introduction (2–3 lines)

Heatwaves have emerged as one of the deadliest climate-related hazards in India, driven by climate change, rapid urbanisation and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Launched in 2019, the India Cooling Action Plan (ICAP) is the world’s first comprehensive national cooling strategy aimed at providing sustainable cooling for all while minimizing energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions.

Body

Significance of ICAP

1. Climate Change Mitigation

• Reduces cooling demand through energy-efficient technologies.
• Promotes low Global Warming Potential (GWP) refrigerants under the Kigali Amendment.

2. Energy Security

• Reduces peak electricity demand during summer.
• Improves grid stability and lowers dependence on fossil fuels.

3. Public Health

• Enhances thermal comfort during extreme heatwaves.
• Protects vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly and outdoor workers.

4. Sustainable Urbanisation

• Encourages Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) and Eco-Niwas Samhita.
• Promotes District Cooling Systems (DCS) and green buildings.

5. Food & Health Security

• Strengthens cold-chain infrastructure for agriculture, fisheries, dairy and vaccines.

6. Economic Growth

• Generates green jobs in refrigeration and cooling technologies.
• Improves industrial competitiveness and supports the Make in India initiative.

Challenges

• High initial investment for efficient cooling technologies.
• Limited awareness among consumers and builders.
• Slow adoption of District Cooling Systems.
• Dependence on high-GWP refrigerants.
• Shortage of skilled refrigeration technicians.
• Rapid urbanisation increasing cooling demand.

Way Forward

• Promote affordable energy-efficient appliances through incentives.
• Expand District Cooling Systems in Smart Cities.
• Strengthen implementation of ECBC and Eco-Niwas Samhita.
• Invest in indigenous R&D for climate-friendly cooling technologies.
• Integrate ICAP with Heat Action Plans and urban planning.
• Enhance public awareness through behavioural change campaigns.

Conclusion (2–3 lines)

The India Cooling Action Plan represents a forward-looking strategy that integrates climate action, energy efficiency and public welfare. Its effective implementation through technological innovation, institutional coordination and public participation will enable India to achieve SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities) and SDG 13 (Climate Action) while ensuring inclusive and climate-resilient growth.