APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 24/06/2026

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, practicing Daily Answer Writing is vital. This blog covers the most important Main question and its model Answer from the Assam Tribune today (24-06-2026).

📘 GS Mains Model Question (APSC CCE)

Q. What is El Niño? Examine its impact on India’s monsoon system and discuss the challenges it poses for Assam’s agriculture, public health, and disaster management. Suggest suitable measures to enhance climate resilience. (15 Marks)

Model Answer

Introduction

According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), El Niño is the warm phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, characterized by abnormal warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Historically, several drought years in India have been associated with El Niño events.

Impact of El Niño on India’s Monsoon System

1. Weakening of Southwest Monsoon

Weakens Walker Circulation and monsoon winds.
Leads to below-normal rainfall in many parts of India.

2. Increased Frequency of Heatwaves

Higher temperatures and prolonged dry spells.
Greater evapotranspiration and water stress.

3. Agricultural Impact

Reduced yields of paddy, pulses and oilseeds.
Increased irrigation requirements and production costs.

4. Economic Consequences

Food inflation due to lower agricultural output.
Increased pressure on rural livelihoods.

Challenges for Assam

A. Agricultural Vulnerability

Assam’s agriculture is heavily dependent on monsoon rainfall.
Paddy, jute and horticultural crops may suffer productivity losses.

B. Public Health Risks

Rising temperatures increase heat-related illnesses.
Greater vulnerability among elderly people, children and outdoor workers.
Possible changes in disease patterns, including vector-borne diseases.

C. Water and Ecosystem Stress

Reduced river recharge and groundwater availability.
Adverse impacts on wetlands, fisheries and biodiversity.

D. Disaster Management Challenges

Simultaneous risks of drought-like conditions and localized extreme weather events.
Increased pressure on disaster preparedness mechanisms.

Measures to Enhance Climate Resilience

Promote climate-resilient and drought-tolerant crop varieties.
Strengthen IMD-based early warning and advisory systems.
Expand rainwater harvesting and watershed management.
Implement Heat Action Plans at district level.
Enhance ecosystem conservation, especially wetlands and forests.
Strengthen the Assam State Disaster Management Authority’s climate adaptation framework.

Conclusion

As climate change intensifies weather variability, El Niño poses a significant challenge to India’s food, water and health security. For Assam, building resilience through scientific forecasting, climate-smart agriculture, and proactive disaster management will be crucial for ensuring sustainable development and safeguarding vulnerable communities.

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