APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 04/06/2026

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, practicing Daily Answer Writing is vital. This blog covers the most important Main question and its model Answer from the Assam Tribune today (04-06-2026).

📘 GS Mains Model Question (APSC CCE)

Q. “Protected Areas in India face increasing pressure from encroachment and developmental activities, threatening long-term conservation goals.” In the light of recent concerns regarding Manas National Park, examine the challenges to biodiversity conservation in protected areas. Suggest measures for balancing ecological protection with local developmental needs. (15 Marks, 250 Words)

Answer

Introduction

Protected Areas (PAs) such as National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, and Tiger Reserves constitute the backbone of India’s biodiversity conservation strategy. However, increasing encroachment, habitat fragmentation, infrastructure expansion, and human pressures are emerging as significant threats. The recent reports of large-scale encroachment in Manas National Park and Tiger Reserve, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, highlight these challenges.

Challenges to Biodiversity Conservation in Protected Areas

1. Habitat Loss and Fragmentation

Encroachment reduces the extent of natural habitats.
Fragmented habitats disrupt wildlife movement and breeding patterns.

2. Human-Wildlife Conflict

Expansion of settlements near protected areas increases encounters between humans and wildlife.
Crop damage and livestock depredation create negative attitudes towards conservation.

3. Developmental Pressures

Roads, railways, transmission lines, and hydropower projects affect ecological connectivity.
Infrastructure often cuts across wildlife corridors.

4. Illegal Resource Extraction

Illegal cultivation, grazing, logging, and poaching continue to threaten ecosystems.

5. Climate Change

Changing rainfall patterns, floods, and extreme weather events alter habitats and species distribution.

6. Administrative and Governance Challenges

Inadequate manpower, funding constraints, and weak coordination among agencies hamper effective management.

Significance of Conserving Protected Areas

Preserve biodiversity and endangered species.
Maintain ecological balance and ecosystem services.
Act as carbon sinks and support climate resilience.
Promote eco-tourism and sustainable livelihoods.
Fulfil India’s commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

Measures for Balancing Conservation and Development

Community-Based Conservation

Involve local communities through Eco-Development Committees (EDCs).
Promote alternative livelihood opportunities.

Scientific Land Management

Use GIS mapping and satellite monitoring to identify encroachments and vulnerable zones.

Strengthening Wildlife Corridors

Ensure connectivity between fragmented habitats.

Sustainable Infrastructure Planning

Conduct rigorous Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA).
Incorporate wildlife passages, underpasses, and eco-sensitive designs.

Technology-Driven Protection

Use drones, camera traps, and real-time monitoring systems.

Climate-Resilient Conservation

Restore degraded habitats and strengthen ecosystem resilience.

Conclusion

Conservation and development should not be viewed as competing objectives but as complementary goals. The experience of Manas National Park demonstrates that long-term ecological security requires a balanced approach combining scientific management, community participation, and sustainable development. Protecting biodiversity today is essential for ensuring ecological stability, economic sustainability, and intergenerational equity in the future.

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