APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 24/04/2026

Model answer

Model Answer

Introduction

Urban flooding has become a recurrent challenge in Indian cities, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions like Guwahati. While heavy rainfall acts as a trigger, the persistence of flooding indicates deeper institutional and governance failures, especially in infrastructure management and accountability.

Nature of the Problem

• Frequent waterlogging even after moderate rainfall
• Poorly maintained drainage systems
• Infrastructure projects contributing to blockage (e.g., clogged culverts)

👉 Recent instance: Administrative action against a construction firm for failing to maintain drainage along NH stretches, leading to severe waterlogging.

Governance and Accountability Failures

A. Institutional Negligence

• Lack of regular desiltation
• Failure to follow pre-monsoon preparedness

B. Weak Accountability Mechanisms

• Contractors not held responsible
• Delayed administrative action

C. Poor Urban Planning

• Ignoring hydrological patterns
• Encroachment of natural drainage systems

D. Coordination Deficits

• Multiple agencies with overlapping responsibilities
• Lack of integrated response

Legal and Policy Dimension

• Use of Disaster Management Act, 2005:
  • Enables penal action for negligence
  • Highlights shift towards accountability

👉 However, enforcement remains inconsistent.

Impacts

• Traffic congestion and economic loss
• Public health risks (water-borne diseases)
• Increased disaster vulnerability
• Loss of public trust

Challenges

• Rapid urban expansion
• Infrastructure deficits
• Climate variability intensifying rainfall
• Weak monitoring systems

Way Forward

1. Strengthen Accountability Framework

• Fix responsibility of contractors and officials

2. Scientific Urban Planning

• Integrate drainage and land-use planning

3. Regular Maintenance

• Continuous desiltation and monitoring

4. Technological Integration

• GIS-based drainage mapping
• Real-time monitoring systems

5. Institutional Coordination

• Unified command structure

Conclusion

Urban flooding is not merely a natural phenomenon but a manifestation of systemic governance failures. Strengthening accountability, planning, and institutional coordination is essential for building resilient and sustainable cities.